涡轮机匣热辐射-对流耦合换热特性数值计算与实验测试

开展了整环机匣的热辐射-对流耦合计算,获得了综合传热系数拟合关系式,并进行了实验测试验证。研究发现：封闭腔内,热辐射的存在大幅强化了壁面换热,辐射热流占总换热量比值可达90%以上。在3层机匣结构中,当发射率在0.3~0.8变化时,机匣沿径向方向上的温度梯度减小,主流区域的对流换热得到加强,半封闭区域对流强度降低。发射率为0.8时,外机匣流体侧壁面的辐射热流占总换热量的33.3%。     

Kalman filtering for GPS/magnetometer integrated navigation system

This paper investigated the data processing method for a GPS/IMU/magnetometer integrated system with Kalman filtering (KF). As a result of GPS/IMU/magnetometer land vehicle system, dead-reckoning of magnetometer and accelerometer integrated subsystem bridged very well the GPS signal outage due to the trees on the two sides of the road. Both differential GPS data processing method and the carrier-phase method with magnetometers’ outputs for predicting the car position, velocity, and acceleration (PVA) are presented. The results from DGPS with Kinematical Positioning (KINPOS) software shown that the averages of the north, east, and down direction standard deviation (short for “std”) are 0.014, 0.010, and 0.018 m, respectively. The std of velocities and accelerations derived by the position and velocity differentiation are 10, 7, 13 mm/s, 7, 5, 9 mm/s², respectively. This method for getting velocities and accelerations requires higher accurate position coordinates. But the position accuracy has frequently been degraded in this case when the car drove under the trees or other similar kinematical environments. That caused the larger velocity and acceleration errors. While the results from the carrier-phase method are std of the velocities = 2.1 mm/s, 1.3 mm/s, 3.7 mm/s in north, east, down, and std of the accelerations = 1.5 mm/s², 0.9 mm/s², 2.3 mm/s² for the static test period; as compared with KINPOS software results, std of the velocity difference between the carrier-phase method and the DGPS method = 7 mm/s, 6.9 mm/s, 9.7 mm/s in north, east, down direction, and std of acceleration difference = 5.0 mm/s², 4.5 mm/s², 7.5 mm/s² in north, east, down direction for the kinematical test period. Obviously, errors come from both the carrier-phase method and DGPS velocity and acceleration results derived directly by the position differentiation. In addition, better accuracy of positions than that before KF has been got by means of velocities and accelerations derived by the carrier-phase method after KF.     

低散射目标谐振区散射特性分析

用有限面元模拟导体表面，简化了任意三维金属物体的散射计算问题，用矩量法对标准球和仿球体的单站散射截面进行了计算，分析了雷达目标关于谐振区的散射特性，阐述了低频区将成为“隐身”目标的频域易控制窗口的观点。     

弹体旋转对超音速射流元件的影响研究

研究了弹体旋转对超音速射流元件（SFE）的内部流场结构及输出推力特性的影响,并采用二维N—S方程以及RNG k-ε湍流模型,用计算流体力学（CFD）数值模拟方法和滑移网格技术进行了数值模拟。结果表明,弹体旋转对超音速射流元件内部流场结构几乎没有影响,而对姿态控制发动机的控制推力大小和方向的影响不容忽视。所得结论可为旋转弹姿态控制系统的总体设计以及超音速射流元件的结构及气动参数选择提供依据。     

大型卫星编队的分布式协同姿态控制

随着卫星应用的日益发展,由卫星编队来代替单颗卫星进行工作已经 成为一种趋势。大型卫星编队的构型和控制问题的研究,作为未来的空间任务 发展和设计的基础是十分重要的。本文研究由多颗卫星组成的编队,讨论了协 同控制器的分类与结构,将编队视为一个分布式系统,其中每一颗卫星的控制系 统作为一个独立的控制单元,进行姿态协同控制器的设计。并利用李亚普诺夫 稳定性理论验证了控制器的全局稳定性,仿真结果表明这种分布式协同姿态控 制器有效可行。最后介绍了利用五自由度气浮台(Microsim)进行卫量编队协同 姿态控制的实验方法。     

基于H∞滤波技术的GPS/INS全组合导航系统研究

本文根据H∞鲁棒滤波理论，提出了基于H∞滤波技术的GPS/INS全组合导航系统。该系统仅含有位置误差、速度误差和平台误差角9维状态，并利用GPS和INS的位置、速度和姿态观测信息对全部状态进行观测，组成全松组合导航系统，由H∞滤波来提高系统的鲁棒性。文中对提出的全组合系统进行了动态仿真，仿真结果表明，该系统结构简单，状态估计精度较高，系统鲁棒性好，便于工程实现，坚实际工程应用具有重要的现实意义。     

Compact Car-Body Surface Design with T-spline Surface

Creating proper B-spline surface models is a very challenging task for designers in car-body surface design. Due to the tensor-product structure of B-spline surface, some undesirable issues of the redundant control points addition, incomplete surface definition and the difficulty of trimming boundary alteration frequently occur, when designing the car-body surface with B-spline surfaces in local-feature-lines construction, full-boundary-merging and visual surface trimming. A more efficient approach is proposed to design the car-body surface by replacing B-spline surface with classical T-spline surface. With the local refinability and multilateral definition offered by T- spline surface, those designing issues related with B-spline surface can be overcomed. Finally, modeling examples of the door, hood and rear-window are given to demonstrate the advantage of T-spline surface over B-spline surface in car-body surface design.     

充气式气动减速器的折叠方法及充气过程数值仿真

针对充气式气动减速器难以建立折痕有序、径向压缩的折叠模型,本文提出了分割映射折叠方法。首先基于分割映射技术得到分割展平面;其次通过矩阵变换将分割展平面转换为连续的几何折叠模型;最后,采用初始应力修正了建模过程中的模型误差,降低了充气过程中的应力集中和网格畸变问题。数值结果表明：充满的单圆环的表面积和体积误差仅为1.8%,验证了本文折叠方法的高精度;充气式气动减速器的初始和充满外形与实验外形一致,展开过程稳定、有序,说明该方法的可靠性和适用性。本文折叠方法适用于任意旋转曲面的多维压缩和有序折叠,提高了曲面展开数值仿真的精确度和稳定性。     

酞菁蓝对红外低发射率涂层色泽的影响

为了增加红外低发射率涂层的色彩、降低涂层明度和光泽度,采用添加纳米颜料的方法制备了一种蓝色系的红外低发射率涂层。研究了颜料添加量对涂层发射率、涂层颜色和光泽度的影响,并测定了涂层的力学性能和耐中性盐雾腐蚀性能。实验结果表明：涂层在8～14μm时红外发射率为0.3左右;涂层的明度和光泽度均随着颜料添加量增大而降低,颜料添加量为25%的涂层相对于0%添加量的涂层,其明度降低28.8%,光泽度（60°）降低54.5%;并且涂层具有较为优异的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。     

非均匀对角加载对阵列波束性能的影响分析

功率倒置法由于具有稳健的干扰抑制能力而被广泛应用,但在采样快拍数少、信噪比高时,会使方向图主瓣偏移甚至在目标方向形成凹口,导致波束性能下降,使用对角加载技术可以有效地改善波束形成的稳健性.以往的对角加载技术只是研究分析了均匀加载值对方向图畸变的影响.通过对非均匀对角加载的仿真分析,得出非均匀对角加载对阵列性能的影响,如主瓣宽度、主副比、零陷深度和信号增益的变化,从而可以根据实际需要来选择不同的加载方式.