Time delay of ionospheric TEC storms to geomagnetic storms and pre-storm disturbance events in East Asia

Using the TEC data at Beijing (39.61°N, 115.89°E)/Yakutsk (62.03°N, 129.68°E) stations of East Asia regions and relevant geomagnetic data from 2010 to 2017, we have studied the time delay of ionospheric storms to geomagnetic storms and compare it with our previous results of Taoyuan (25.02°N, 121.21°E) station (Zhang et al., 2020). The data shows a well-known local time dependence of the time delay, and seasonal dependences are different at these stations. In addition, there is no correlation between the time delay and the magnetic storm intensity /solar activity, except the time delay of negative storms has weakly negative dependence on the solar activity. Comparing with the results of Taoyuan station which is located at EIA region in East Asia, we find that the time delay increases nonlinearly as the latitude decreases due to different ionospheric backgrounds at these places. Moreover, the pre-storm disturbance events are found to have similar statistical characteristics as the pre-storm enhancement in Europe middle latitudes (Bure?ová and La?tovi?ka, 2007). By subtracting the common features of the pre-storm disturbance events, we preliminarily infer that auroral activity might be main driver of the pre-storm disturbance events.     

Polysaccharide from Loquat Leaves to Prepare Hierarchical Porous Carbon as a Matrix for Active Sulfur

Fossil fuel exhaustion and overdevelopment usually lead to a recession,which is worsened by the environmental pollution.So it is of high priority to develop high-efficiency energy storage device.Here,agreen and environment-friendly strategy is devised to fabricate carbon materials from biomass.By water extraction and alcohol precipitation,polysaccharide is extracted from loquat leaves.After calcining under high temperature,hierarchical porous carbon materials(HPCM)are obtained,possessing a variety of macropores,mesopores and micropores.Such ample and hierarchical pores enable the electrolyte infiltration and the buffering of the volume expansion of sulfur in repeated electrochemical reactions.The structure stability of the entire electrode can thus be well maintained.When evaluated as the scaffold for sulfur,the electrochemical performance of carbon/sulfur composite was tested.Even after 500 cycles,the reversible capacity is retained as high as 485.4 mA·h/g at the current density of 1.6 A/g.It also offers a notable rate capability,attaining the discharge capacity of 700.7 mA·h/g at 2 C.All the electrochemical performance results prove the feasibility of the proposed strategy.     

Statistical study of energetic electrons in Jupiter’s inner magnetosphere by Juno/JEDI

The Juno spacecraft made the first in-situ observations of energetic particles in the polar region of Jupiter’s magnetosphere. After Jupiter Orbit Insertion (JOI) in July 2016, data from ~20 Juno perijoves (PJs) obtained by Juno/JEDI are accumulated, providing an excellent opportunity to study the long term spatio-temporal distribution of energetic particles in Jupiter’s radiation belt. We transform Juno’s position from a Cartesian to a magnetic coordinate system by tracing magnetic field lines based on a fourth order Runge-Kutta method. Then the fluxes of energetic electrons from PJ1 to PJ14 sorted by different locations in magnetic coordinate space and the data are well organized by the L-shell parameter. The variation of electron flux increases with L-shell. The deviation (the ratio of the 75th percentile to the 25th percentile) of 0.51 MeV electron flux varies from a factor of 1.23 near L = 9.5 to 27.57 near L = 15.5. However, the mean flux decreases by about one order of magnitude in the same region. The electron spectra at larger L-shells are softer than that at smaller L-shells. On the other hand, the electron flux decreases more rapidly with increased L-shell when the location is off the equator. Along an L-shell, the electron flux decrease at first and then increase again from equator to mid-latitude region. In addition, we compare the statistical results with the widely used GIRE2 model. JEDI data correspond well with the GIRE2 model when the L-shell is > 14.75. GIRE2 underestimate the electron flux for L-shell smaller than 13.25. These results of this analysis are applicable to estimate the effects of the radiation environment in Jupiter’s magnetosphere.     

量子计算及其在空气动力学中的应用前景综述

量子计算是最重要的后摩尔计算技术之一，拥有经典计算机无可比拟的超强计算能力，未来能够对各行业应用产生颠覆性的影响。针对量子计算给空气动力学带来的机遇和挑战，详细综述了量子计算机、量子算法、量子底层软件栈等方面的研究进展。结合空气动力学领域常用的基础方法，在综述量子计算线性方程组求解、插值操作、数值积分、优化搜索等最新进展的基础上，结合典型量子算法深入分析了量子计算在空气动力学领域的应用前景，并指出了需要重点关注的研究方向。     

Using only observation station data for PPP ambiguity resolution by UPD estimation

This article proposes a new method for uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) estimation to improve the accuracy of precise point positioning (PPP), which uses only observation station data. This means that the station used to generate the UPDs is the same station to which they are applied. First, dual-frequency observation equations based on a raw PPP model are developed. Then, the UPDs are calculated from integer linear combinations of float ambiguities. Third, with the UPD corrections, the least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (LAMBDA) method is utilized to obtain the integer ambiguities. Since only observation station data are used for UPD estimation, the partial ambiguity resolution (PAR) method is adopted to increase the possibility of finding a subset of integer ambiguities. The UPD estimation and ambiguity resolution are performed in each epoch. To obtain the correct integer ambiguity, the ratio test and success rate (bootstrapping) are used to evaluate the estimated integer ambiguity. Finally, by treating the integer ambiguities as constants, fixed solutions can be obtained. Quality control is also applied throughout the entire data processing procedure to obtain high quality float and fixed solutions. Data from 22 stations of the International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS) in East Asia on day of year (DOY) 206, 2017, are used to verify the feasibility of this method. The experimental results show that compared with the float solution, the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy in the east, north and up directions by 24%, 21% and 18% for static PPP and 36%, 18% and 34% for dynamic PPP, respectively. However, the accuracy of the proposed method is still lower than that of the fixed solutions obtained by the PRIDE-PPPAR software, in which the fractional cycle bias is computed based on reference network data. These findings sufficiently show that the proposed method can offer better solution accuracy than the float solution. However, the quality of the UPDs estimated only from observation station data is not as good as that of the estimates obtained based on reference network data.     

舷外有源干扰评估方法研究

根据舷外有源干扰的特点,选取引导时间、干扰功率、干扰频率对准度、电磁信号环境及干扰机的干扰样式,作为有源干扰效果的五个评价指标,使用模糊综合评估方法实现对舷外有源干扰进行评估,此评估方法综合考虑有源干扰效果的五个评价指标,提高了对舷外有源干扰评估的全面性.     

网络计划技术在落锤模项目中的应用

针对某型飞机油箱壳体落锤模加工周期长的问题,采用网络计划技术,找出关键因素和关键线路；打破常规,采用数控加工方法加工落锤模,并对其关键制造过程进行计划和控制,大大缩短了模具制造时间,满足了油箱落锤模的交付要求.     

催化剂对聚氨酯泡沫塑料浇注工艺及性能的影响

通过调整催化剂三乙烯二胺溶液和二月桂酸二丁基锡的用量进行浇注试验.结果表明,室温浇注泡沫塑料的性能(密度、压缩强度、闭孔率、拉伸强度、热导率、等效热导率、线胀系数)与低温浇注泡沫塑料的性能相当,实现了聚氨酯泡沫塑料的室温浇注.     

油气匹配对燃烧室不稳定性的影响

为抑制全环燃烧室在加温加压条件下的高幅度脉动,研究了燃烧室高幅脉动产生机理和油气匹配对燃烧不稳定的影响,结果表明：实验捕捉到了脉动增大的过程,主频为40 Hz的低频脉动,并产生了倍频,压力脉动引起火焰筒壁温发生了2%的波动,造成了燃烧不稳定;仿真计算发现随着燃烧室进口参数的提高及主油路开启导致的雾化变差会使得压力脉动的频率降低,脉动量升高44%;燃烧室进口压力、温度相对基准工况分别降低15%和30%（工况1）或者提高10%和26%（工况6）时可抑制脉动;增加主油路开始工作附近工况的主油路燃油占比后,脉动量总体有较大的减小;抑制脉动的最佳主副油路分配方案为Case3,相对基准方案提高工况2~工况6主油路燃油占比4%时可消除不稳定燃烧;主油路占比在超过一定值,又会使得脉动量升高。     

γ-Re_θ转捩模型的标定与应用

简单介绍了γ-Reθ转捩模型,并在mbns3d内部软件上实现。应用零压力梯度平板试验数据对关联函数进行了标定,得到了一组关联函数。对A-aerofoil迎角13.1°及13.3°进行了验证计算,结果表明该模型可以比较准确模拟转捩效应,提高了升力、阻力计算精度。随后研究了NLR7301两段翼型,通过应用环量修正及转捩模型提高了阻力计算精度,阻力最大误差控制到4%以内。