节流阀阀芯型面优化设计

简要叙述了液氧／煤油火箭发动机节流阀阀芯型面优化设计的方法。原有节流阀的流阻特性不满足发动机使用要求,根据系统对节流阀的参数要求,采用分段插值拟合法对节流阀阀芯型面重新进行了优化设计,优化后的节流阀液流试验合格,并通过了发动机热试车考核,其性能完全满足系统要求。     

金属增材制造技术

金属增材制造技术作为3D打印技术的一个重要分支,在20余年的发展中取得了显著的进展。文中简要回顾了金属增材制造技术的历史溯源,重点从制件组织结构、制件性能、制件微观缺陷、成形工艺等方面分析了针对钛合金、镍基高温合金等常用材料的增材制造技术研究新进展,探讨了增材制造技术发展所面临的技术问题以及需要重点考虑的发展方向。     

Optimal two-impulse rendezvous with terminal tangent burn considering the trajectory constraints

The two-impulse orbital rendezvous problem with a terminal tangent burn between coplanar elliptical orbits is studied by considering a lower bound on perigee radius and an upper bound on apogee radius for the transfer orbit. This problem requires that two spacecraft arrive at the rendezvous point with the same arrival flight-path angle after the same flight time. The admissible range of the final true anomaly that meets the perigee and apogee constraints is obtained in closed form. The revolution number of the transfer orbit is expressed as a function of the true anomaly and the revolution numbers of the initial and final orbits. All the feasible solutions are obtained with a bound on the revolution number of the final orbit. Then, the minimum-fuel one is determined by comparing their costs. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to obtain all the feasible solutions for given initial impulse points and the optimal solution with the initial coasting arc. Numerical results show that the minimum-fuel solution for the terminal tangent burn rendezvous is close to that for the cotangent rendezvous when the rendezvous time is long enough; however, the cotangent rendezvous may not exist when the rendezvous time is short.     

基于CCD和超声的物体位姿检测方法及精度分析

介绍了用单个CCD摄像机和超声传感器相结合检测物体位姿的方法.首先由CCD摄像机采集一幅图像,获取物体上目标点在图像坐标系中的理想坐标,并由此确定该点投影矢量(连接物体点和对应图像点的直线)的方向;然后控制机器人运动,使超声传感器的z轴与求得的投影矢量重合;最后用超声传感器测出投影矢量的长度,确定目标点在摄像机坐标系中的坐标.分析了影响检测精度的主要因素,具体研究了超声传感器的安装参数对检测精度的影响规律,进行了仿真分析.该方法可以有效地降低图像处理所带来的巨大数据量,避开双目视觉中的图像匹配问题,快捷、精确检测物体的位姿.     

飞行器外部电磁环境分析与辐射安全裕度试验方法研究

辐射安全裕度是系统级电磁兼容性的关键指标,是保证系统能够在使用环境下正常工作的前提。从安全裕度的定义出发,分析外部电磁环境对于系统安全裕度的重要意义,指出现有辐射安全裕度试验方法的缺陷。提出用于评估外部电磁环境的两种方法,并指出考虑外部电磁环境后辐射安全裕度测试的难点。文中还分析了系统对外部电磁环境的感应特性,提出一种新的辐射安全裕度测试方法,降低了测试难度,使安全裕度测试更加全面、有效。     

充气式机翼的颤振特性分析

充气式机翼的结构刚度由内充气压决定,其颤振特性需要建立静、动力学耦合的分析方法.机翼结构刚度和固有振动特性需要在静力分析基础上计算,进一步计算非定常气动力,从而采用传统的颤振计算方法分析其颤振特性.针对某一充气式机翼采用膜单元建立了有限元模型.在不同内充压条件下,对充气机翼进行了静力分析得到其结构刚度;然后对机翼进行模态计算和颤振分析.研究表明:各阶模态的频率随内充气压的升高而升高;除典型的弯扭模态外,充气机翼的弦向弯曲模态频率较低;充气机翼的颤振形式除常规的弯扭模态耦合外,弦向弯曲模态同样会发生颤振;机翼的临界颤振速度随内充压的变化近似呈分段线性变化;临界颤振模态及耦合分支在一定气压范围内保持不变.      

Trajectory Estimation with Multi-range-rate System Based on Sparse Representation and Spline Model Optimization

The classic state methods for trajectory estimation in boost phase with multi-range-rate system include method of point-by-point manner and that of spline-model-based manner. Both are deficient in terms of model-approximation accuracy and systematic error determination thus resulting in the estimation errors well beyond the requirements, especially, concerning the maneuvering trajectory. This article proposes a new high-precision estimation approach based on the residual error analysis. The residual error comprises three components, i. e. systematic error, model truncation error and random error. The approach realizes self-adaptive estimation of systematic errors in measurements following the theory of sparse representation of signals to minimize the low-frequency components of residual errors. By taking median- and high-frequency components as indexes, the spline model-approximation is improved by optimizing node sequence of the spline function and the weight selection for data fusion through iteration. Simulation has validated the performances of the proposed method.     

航炮吊舱与飞机发动机相容性试验述要

航炮吊舱与飞机发动机地面相容性试验,目的是验证在空中首次实弹射击时,是否会引起飞机发动机空中停车事故,同时考察航炮发射时抱口力生的压力场、温度场所形成的流场变化,是否会影响发动机春恶劣气流能力。本文重点介绍了试验过程中所采取的方法和测试手段。     

航空发动机仿真模型参数自适应校正

采用修正因子方法建立自适应仿真模型,运用改进的共轭梯度算法求解非线性规划问题,依据发动机台架试车和空中试飞测量数据,对发动机仿真模型的部件特性参数进行校正,使模型的计算输出与试验测量数据吻合。应用本文方法对某型双转子加力涡喷发动机仿真模型进行校正,获得了满意的仿真精度。