铝合金管材热态内高压成形研究

通过热拉伸实验研究5A02铝合金管材在不同温度下的力学性能.根据热拉伸实验结果进行管材热态液压胀形数值模拟,并进行初步的实验研究.数值模拟结果和实验结果表明,5A02铝合金管材的成形性能随着温度的升高而得到明显改善,理想成形温度为200～230℃.对数值模拟结果与实验结果之间的差别进行分析和讨论.     

铝合金型材柔性垫弯曲成形实验研究

进行两种典型铝合金型材的弯曲实验,研究主要工艺参数对弯曲过程的影响.结果表明,型材的截面形状、相对厚度及抗弯截面系数等是决定弯曲性能的主要因素.压辊的压入深度、柔性垫的性能以及型材的约束方式等是影响弯曲半径、截面变化的关键.对实验中主要缺陷和质量问题的产生及其控制进行分析和讨论.     

激光冲击残余应力场的有限元分析

建立模拟激光冲击残余应力场的非线性弹塑性有限元模型,预测AISI 304奥氏体不锈钢厚、薄靶材经激光冲击后表面以及内部的残余应力场分布.模拟过程中,考虑材料高应变率(106s-1)下的力学性能和激光诱导冲击波的精确加载,分析激光功率密度、激光光斑尺寸、激光脉宽、激光冲击次数、激光单面与双面冲击等激光冲击参数以及初始残余应力等因素对不锈钢靶材残余应力分布的影响.数值模拟结果与X射线衍射法测量值吻合较好.在有初始残余拉应力(250MPa)存在的情况下,激光冲击仍能使304奥氏体不锈钢靶材形成残余压应力层,说明激光冲击工艺可提高奥氏体不锈钢焊接构件的抗应力腐蚀开裂能力.     

涡流管结构参数对其性能的影响

用实验方法研究了热端管管长、分离室直径、冷孔板孔径等主要结构参数对涡流管的制冷制热性能的影响。实验中以空气为介质分别对不同结构参数涡流管的性能进行了研究,得出了热端管管长、分离室直径以及冷孔板孔径等参数对涡流管制冷制热性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:在一定范围内增加热端管长度有利于涡流管的能量分离;在大冷流率下,大直径涡流管的制冷性能优于小直径涡流管;冷孔板孔径愈小,涡流管的制冷制热效应都愈好,在冷孔板孔径与热端管内径之比为50%时,取得最佳的制冷制热效应。      

民航维修安全质量综合评估与预测

提出了建立量化的民航维修安全质量综合评估系统并对关键性指标的变化趋势进行预测分析的新设想,为民航维修安全管理提供科学的方法和手段,也为航空安全管理系统(SMS)的实施垫定了基础。从安全状况、质量状况、维修能力和维修经济性四个方面,利用模糊数学进行综合评估,形成反映民航维修总体状况的安全质量指数(SQI);同时利用灰色理论中的GM(1,1)模型和时间序列分析模型对未来的趋势进行预测。评估和预测分析的结果为管理者提供准确的决策依据,及时发现不良趋势并采取相应的预防措施,确保航空安全。     

基于Nash-Pareto策略的两种改进算法及其应用

针对多目标、多设计变量的优化问题,提出了两种优化的新算法:一种是将多目标问题转化为单目标时,对目标权重的确定提出了新的途径;另一种是直接对多目标问题进行优化,并对Pareto遗传优化技术作了改进,以得到均匀分布的Pareto最优解集.两种新算法都是建立在Nash的系统分解与Pareto遗传算法的基础上,因此称这类算法为Nash-Pareto策略.借助于这类算法,文中以跨声速压气机双圆弧类叶型的气动优化为例,给出了气动优化的全过程.数值优化的实验表明所给出的改进算法是可行的、有效的.     

光束扩展、光船倾斜和漂移对光船自由飞行演示的影响

为了研究光船的地面演示自由飞行试验中激光束扩展、光船相对激光束的倾斜和漂移等因素对光船飞行高度的影响,采用了理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法。分析表明,激光束的扩展将导致光船接收激光功率的减小,光船相对于光束的倾斜会影响激光的聚焦和光船推力方向,但光船的倾斜力矩不会在飞行过程中累积而使光船倾斜过大,而光船的漂移则会改变光船推力以及侧力的大小。光船飞行数值模拟仿真表明,在横向偏移扰动下,光船在没有达到最大可能高度之前将脱离光束从而失去动力。研究结果显示,减小光船的横向偏移和激光束的发散角可以有效提高光船垂直上升的高度。     

Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of EB-PVD Film:Effects of Substrate Temperature

The 2D kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation was used to study the effects of different substrate temperatures on the microstruc-ture of Ni-Cr films in the process of deposition by the electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). In the KMC model, substrate was assumed to be a “surface” of tight-packed rows, and the simulation includes two phenomena: adatom-surface collision and adatom diffusion. While the interaction between atoms was described by the embedded atom method, the jumping energy was calculated by the molecular static (MS) calculation. The initial location of the adatom was defined by the Momentum Scheme. The results reveal that there exists a critical substrate temperature which means that the lowest packing density and the highest surface roughness structure will be achieved when the temperature is lower than the smaller critical value, while the roughness of both surfaces and the void contents keep decreasing with the substrate temperature increasing until it reaches the higher critical value. The results also indicate that the critical substrate temperature rises as the deposition rate increases.     

Electrolytic Passivation of Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy in Different Electrolytes

The corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy was studied in various corrosion media of different Cl–ion concentrations. The results demonstrate that the Cl–ion concentration has significant influences on the corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy. In order to enhance the corrosion resistance, protective films were generated on the surface of the nitinol alloy by means of the electrochemical passivation method, for which five different electrolytic solutions were investigated. The surface analysis indicates full growth of all samples pas-sivated in the different electrolytic solutions with layers, however, showing different morphological features. Without any defects like micro-cracks and pores, the surface of the samples passivated in the molybdate solution turns out smoother and denser than those pas-sivated in other solutions. It is shown that the electro-chemical passivation will reduce Ni content but increase Ti content in the surface, reaching the Mole ratio of Ti:Ni=9.01:1 on the outermost surface. Potentiodynamic polarization test demonstrates that the samples electrochemically passivated in the molybdate solution present a significant increase in breakdown potential due to titanium enrichment on the outermost surface.     

脉冲爆震发动机的飞行性能计算与分析

为了获得脉冲爆震发动机的飞行性能参数随飞行高度和飞行速度的变化规律,在应用最小G ibbs自由能理论建立求解爆震燃烧的平衡成分及其浓度、平衡参数的基本关系式,据此对爆震波特性参数进行数值模拟的基础上,通过引入进气道和尾喷管建立了一定飞行状态下的多管自吸气式脉冲爆震发动机理论性能计算模型,对脉冲爆震发动机的性能随飞行高度、速度的变化趋势进行研究。结果表明,在不同飞行高度和飞行马赫数的状态下,脉冲爆震发动机性能有一定的变化规律,同时模型也考虑了加入尾喷管对性能的影响,为脉冲爆震发动机的性能分析与理论设计提供了依据。