基于近似技术的高亚声速运输机机翼气动/结构优化设计

探索基于近似技术的高亚声速运输机机翼气动/结构多学科设计优化方法,建立了基于近似技术的多学科设计优化框架。气动学科采用全速势方程加黏性修正进行翼身组合体跨声速流动的气动计算,结构学科采用有限元分析方法进行应力与变形计算。采用均匀设计法给出若干样本点,分别采用二次响应面、Kriging模型和径向基神经网络等多种近似技术,构造气动学科和结构学科的近似分析模型,并对几种近似模型精度进行了分析和比较。研究发现,Kriging模型和二次响应面具有几乎等同的较高的近似精度,神经网络的近似精度则较差,由于二次响应面计算量更小,故最终选定为机翼设计优化的近似方法。以升阻比和结构重量为目标,考虑升力、机翼面积以及应力和应变约束条件,对运输机机翼4个外形参数和4个结构参数进行多目标、多约束优化设计。优化后的机翼具有较好的气动/结构综合性能,表明本文方法是可行的。     

整体加筋壁板的破损安全特性与断裂控制分析

用有限元和断裂力学方法分析大型整体机翼下壁板的破损安全特性。对一个九桁条铝合金整体加筋板,裂纹从断裂筋条下向两侧均匀扩展的开裂形式,进行了应力强度因子和剩余强度计算,并和另一个具有相同构形的铆接加筋板的结果进行对比。当裂纹长度在两倍桁条间距以内时两种加筋板的剩余强度水平相当。但是当整体壁板中的裂纹穿过外侧相邻桁条时,整体桁条的止裂能力逐渐减弱。研究对整体壁板蒙皮胶接止裂条的断裂控制措施及有限元建模分析方法,描述止裂条胶层局部脱粘的处理方法和迭代过程。止裂条材料分别选用了钛合金和单向层压复合材料。计算结果说明胶接止裂措施能显著提高整体加筋板的破损安全性能。     

Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of EB-PVD Film:Effects of Substrate Temperature

The 2D kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation was used to study the effects of different substrate temperatures on the microstruc-ture of Ni-Cr films in the process of deposition by the electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). In the KMC model, substrate was assumed to be a “surface” of tight-packed rows, and the simulation includes two phenomena: adatom-surface collision and adatom diffusion. While the interaction between atoms was described by the embedded atom method, the jumping energy was calculated by the molecular static (MS) calculation. The initial location of the adatom was defined by the Momentum Scheme. The results reveal that there exists a critical substrate temperature which means that the lowest packing density and the highest surface roughness structure will be achieved when the temperature is lower than the smaller critical value, while the roughness of both surfaces and the void contents keep decreasing with the substrate temperature increasing until it reaches the higher critical value. The results also indicate that the critical substrate temperature rises as the deposition rate increases.     

Electrolytic Passivation of Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy in Different Electrolytes

The corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy was studied in various corrosion media of different Cl–ion concentrations. The results demonstrate that the Cl–ion concentration has significant influences on the corrosion behavior of the nitinol alloy. In order to enhance the corrosion resistance, protective films were generated on the surface of the nitinol alloy by means of the electrochemical passivation method, for which five different electrolytic solutions were investigated. The surface analysis indicates full growth of all samples pas-sivated in the different electrolytic solutions with layers, however, showing different morphological features. Without any defects like micro-cracks and pores, the surface of the samples passivated in the molybdate solution turns out smoother and denser than those pas-sivated in other solutions. It is shown that the electro-chemical passivation will reduce Ni content but increase Ti content in the surface, reaching the Mole ratio of Ti:Ni=9.01:1 on the outermost surface. Potentiodynamic polarization test demonstrates that the samples electrochemically passivated in the molybdate solution present a significant increase in breakdown potential due to titanium enrichment on the outermost surface.     

激波风洞重模型气动力试验研究

在激波风洞上进行气动力试验时,风洞启动时巨大的冲击载荷使模型-天平受到充分的激励,从而形成惯性干扰力,并与真实气动力混杂在一起,甚至完全覆盖气动力,降低了试验精准度,使得试验模型的质量受到极大的限制。本文介绍了CARDC-dia.2米激波风洞进行大、重模型的压电天平气动力试验研究情况,包括天平设计、天平校准、惯性补偿和风洞试验等几个方面。研究结果表明:气动力试验模型质量可从过去的500g增加到8kg,模型长度可达1m。从而提高了激波风洞测力试验能力,能满足高超声速飞行器试验的需求。     

无人机载多传感器图像融合评述

为了能为作战指挥系统提供清晰的局部战场信息,提高对局部战场低可观测目标的检测概率、定位精度及识别概率,迫切需要对无人机载SAR、可见光传感器、红外探测器等图像信息及其他非图像信息融合处理。提出了无人机载多传感器图像融合技术需要研究的内容,如: 图像融合新方法研究;无人机载SAR图像的非平稳性处理;基于图像融合目标检测和处理技术; 无人机载图像和非图像信息的融合问题;无人机载多传感器图像融合的实现及评估;多无人机载合成孔径雷达的协同成像;用图像融合的方法实现对运动目标检测等。分析了所提出研究内容的可行性,剖析了其中的关键技术,拟定了可能的技术路线。     

Lognormal杂波环境中基于Hough变换的目标检测

给出了基于Hough变换的信号检测结构,推导了Lognormal分布杂波背景下基于Hough 变换检测器的检测性能的解析表达式,设计了具体的仿真环境和仿真流程,对基于Hough变换检测器在非起伏目标和四种Swerling起伏环境下的目标检测性能进行了分析。     

Ti-6Al-4V电子束焊接焊缝区域精细组织特征

采用OM,XRD,EPMA,TEM分析了电子束焊接Ti-6Al-4V焊缝区域的精细组织结构特征。结果表明接头区域组织形态由基体等轴晶向焊缝柱状形态演化,焊缝区域呈现单一α′网篮状组织,TEM板束形态呈多向分布,焊缝区域的位错分布密度与基体母材相比呈现出减小的趋势,且熔合线附近存在V,Fe等β稳定元素浓度起伏现象。     

304不锈钢小冲孔蠕变试验与损伤数值模拟研究

对304不锈钢进行了恒定温度下多种载荷的小冲孔蠕变试验,在此基础上建立了304不锈钢小冲孔蠕变试样的有限元模型。应用改进的K-R蠕变损伤本构方程,分析了在650℃、恒载荷条件下的试样中心挠度、应变等随时间的变化规律以及试样蠕变损伤与位置的关系。结果表明,试验与数值模拟结果基本一致,试样中心蠕变曲线都具有明显的三个阶段,与单轴试验的应变曲线十分相似。整个试样在中心损伤比较严重,呈现明显局部化特征。试样的失效首先在下表面,距试样中心约1/10处,这与试验观察到的试样颈缩部位完全一致。     

飞机结构下陷疲劳分析

以JL8飞机为例,运用新的理论,分析了飞机结构下陷的疲劳寿命,以及影响下陷寿命的关键因素,从而找到了一条提高飞机结构下陷寿命的途径。