平纹编织C/SiC复合材料在室温和高温环境下的拉伸行为

通过单向拉伸试验,对比研究平纹编织C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料在室温和高温(1300℃,包括惰性气氛和湿氧气氛)环境下的宏观力学特性,并采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对试件断口进行显微观察,分析其损伤模式和破坏机理。结果表明:C/SiC复合材料的室温和高温拉伸行为通常表现为非线性特征,在低应力时就开始出现损伤;纤维与基体之间界面滑行阻力的降低使C/SiC复合材料在高温惰性气氛环境下的拉伸强度和破坏应变均比室温下的高;碳纤维的氧化严重影响材料的承载能力导致高温湿氧环境下的拉伸强度和破坏应变均比室温下的低;C/SiC复合材料室温和高温下的拉伸均呈现韧性断裂,断口较为相似,只是纤维拔出长度和断口的平齐程度有所不同,其中高温惰性气氛环境下纤维拔出最长,高温湿氧环境下试件断口有明显的被氧化痕迹;0°纤维束表面基体开裂、明显的层间分层以及0°纤维和纤维束的拔出和断裂同时携带90°纤维束拔出是C/SiC复合材料在室温和高温下的拉伸破坏机理。     

客舱地板斜撑杆对民机典型机身段耐撞性能的影响

针对一类具有客舱地板下部斜撑杆的民机典型机身段,研究了斜撑杆对机身段耐撞性能的影响。建立了客舱地板及其下部结构的有限元模型,客舱地板以上的框段结构、乘员质量和座椅被简化为刚性质量块。分析了斜撑杆为开孔/不开孔开剖面结构、斜撑杆剖面尺寸变化以及无斜撑杆和刚性斜撑杆情况下,机身段在坠撞速度为7m/s时的冲击特性。对比分析了各种情况下座椅位置处的加速度-时间历程曲线、机身段的破坏模式和能量吸收情况。结果表明存在合适刚度的斜撑杆,使该类型机身结构具有良好的耐撞毁性能,而增加或减少斜撑杆刚度均有可能产生多次高过载。     

Effects of temperature distribution and level on heat transfer on a rotating free disk

In gas turbine engines, with the existence of the intense forced convection and significant buoyancy effects, temperature distribution and level on turbine or compressor disks affect the heat transfer characteristics strongly. In this paper, numerical simulations were performed to analyze these influences for a free disk, with the laminar and turbulent flow respectively. The influences of temperature distribution on the heat transfer were observed by using incompressible cooling air, and temperature profiles of nth order monomial and polynomial were assumed on the disk. The analysis revealed that the heat transfer for two flow states on the free disk is determined by the exponent n of the monomial profile when specifying the rotating Reynolds number; for an arbitrary polynomial profile, the local Nusselt number can be deduced from results of monomial profiles. To study the effects of temperature level on heat transfer singly, monomial profiles were used and the local Nusselt number of compressible and incompressible cooling air were compared.And both for two flow states, the following conclusions could be drawn: the relative difference of local Nusselt number is mainly controlled by nondimensional local temperature difference, and almost independent of the monomial's coefficient C, exponent n and the rotating Reynolds number. Subsequently, a correction method for heat transfer of the free disk is presented and verified computationally, with which the local Nusselt number, obtained with a uniform and low temperature profile, can be revised by arbitrary distribution and high temperature magnitude.      

Development and calibration of heat transfer coefficient sensor for rotational state

A novel heat transfer coefficient sensor is introduced and the design, manufacture,and calibration are described.The intended application of this instrument was on a high rotational speed test disc. In the experiments,the heat transfer coefficient sensor was calibrated under static state and rotational state respectively. The calibration under the static state was accomplished in a pipe: the inside diameter (ID) was 0.048m and the total length was 4m, the distance between the sensor and the inlet of the pipe was 3.5m; the standard value was measured using a self-made calibrator. The calibration under the rotational state was accomplished using a rotating disc: the diameter and thickness of the stainless disc were 800mm and 25mm, respectively;the sensor was installed at the location of r =250mm; the rotating disc driven by a 30kW direct current motor can supply the maximum rotational speed of 3000r/min. The standard value under rotational state was provided by an approximate empirical formula. The results show that the designed sensor can measure heat transfer coefficient directly under rotational state and static state with good accuracy and stability; the correlation factor of K are constant under static state and rotational state.      

复合材料B基值计算方法及影响因素研究

概述了目前几种通用的复合材料B基值的计算方法,并对影响B基值精确度的因素进行了研究。重点讨论了分布函数、统计方法、样本大小、样本离散系数对计算复合材料B基值的影响。结果表明正态分布能够较好的拟合数据分布并能得到较高的B基值;M IL方法比FAA、小样本方法容易获得较为保守的B基值;当数据样本较小时,采用小样本方法可以获得较为稳定的B基值;当样本足够大时,可选用M IL或FAA方法计算B基值;在不忽略样本间实际存在的分散性前提下,应设法改善材料性能,降低样本数据的离散系数,才可提高B基值。     

基于确定性和随机性原理的复合材料二维孔隙模型比较

在二维条件下,对比分析了经典的确定性模型和随机孔隙模型对含孔隙复合材料的物理模拟结果。确定性模型将含孔隙复合材料看做各向同性均匀介质,将孔隙假设为大小相同、离散均匀分布的规则形状;随机孔隙模型依据随机介质理论,采取统计学原理和方法,将孔隙看做是小尺度上的随机扰动,叠加于由基体构成的大尺度背景介质平均特性之上,可以利用空间平稳随机过程加以描述。研究发现,利用随机孔隙模型不但能够得到与真实孔隙几何相似性良好的孔隙形貌,而且基于此模型的超声衰减系数理论预测结果和实验测试结果之间的符合程度大大优于传统的确定性模型。     

北斗高动态双频相对定位技术

"北斗"卫星导航定位系统可以进行高精度单点定位和相对定位。本文针对该系统提出了一种相对定位选星策略,分析了几种双频组合方法及适用范围,给出了一种利用B1和B3频率进行双频载波相位差分的方法,并针对具体应用进行了仿真器环境试验验证,为"北斗"卫星导航定位系统建成后高精度相对定位应用提供参考。     

聚乙二醇粘合剂体系的流变特性研究

研究了不同增塑比和温度对硝酸酯(BG)增塑的聚乙二醇粘合剂(PEG)体系流变特性的影响。结果表明,聚乙二醇粘合剂体系存在临界增塑比,低于该临界增塑比时,体系粘度随增塑比增加而迅速降低;高于该临界增塑比时,体系粘度变化缓慢。当增塑比为2.8时,聚乙二醇粘合剂体系在50℃假塑性程度最高。     

空间环境监测与试验体系初步设想

随着我国空间技术的快速发展,空间环境与效应问题已经受到越来越多的关注。文章在国内外空间环境监测与试验研究发展现状的基础上,指出我国在该领域存在的问题。对于我国空间环境监测与试验体系的发展,提出了制定并完善相应规划、建设空间环境观测体系以及加强相关技术的研究等有益的建议。     

一种新的经纬仪测量算法在航天器 总装中的应用研究

文章对一种新的经纬仪测量算法进行了研究。此算法不需要经纬仪调平和互瞄,提高了测量精度和测量过程的效率。首先建立了此算法的测量模型;之后利用优化拟合算法,完成定标过程,实现坐标解算;最后经试验,用算例对此算法进行了验证,证明此算法切实可行,可以应用在航天器的总装过程中。