单通道窄体客机发展和市场研究

单通道窄体客机是使用最为广泛、数量最多、市场需求量最大的一类客机,产品发展活跃、更新快速,技术综合、带动作用明显,研制和发展窄体客机具有重大经济和技术意义。首先介绍窄体客机概念,基于典型机型技术参数和特性总结分析窄体客机的特点;根据载客量/座位数和航程参数将窄体客机分为三类。其次,分析窄体客机产品及技术的发展,回顾1960年代以来的世界主要窄体客机产品的发展历程,归纳窄体客机发展特点、持续改进和系列化发展的方式。最后,分析世界窄体客机市场需求、使用情况、产销数据及当前市场特点,展望未来市场。     

航天器用薄膜温度传感器的研制及性能研究

飞行器以高超声速飞行时瞬间温升可达1 600℃以上,为了保证飞行器的可靠和运行安全,准确实时测量热防护系统表面温度显得尤为重要。针对高温环境实时测温的技术难题,结合磁控溅射技术和陶瓷烧结技术,提出了一种引线和传感器基底一体化的微小型高温薄膜温度传感器结构。采用高温检定炉对传感器陶瓷基底的高温绝缘性进行了测试,并使用多种微观形貌表征方法对传感器主要结构材料进行筛选,得到薄膜温度传感器制备所需的最佳材料组合。进行了薄膜温度传感器静态标定和综合性能高温考核试验,结果表明,所研制传感器灵敏度、重复性的变化与标准热电偶基本保持一致,在实际环境温度低于1 500℃时,传感器测量误差不超过4‰,可在1 200℃高温环境中连续准确测温6 h以上,且测温上限高达1 800℃,验证了该传感器在高温环境中进行测温的可行性和实用性,为航天器表面温度测量和热防护系统优化提供科学依据。     

Antenna systems of radio equipment for advanced UAVs: Problems and lines of development

The paper deals with the problem of creating airborne antenna systems for advanced unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The ways of solving the basic problems, based on a combination of empirical approaches, electrodynamic simulation, and experimental results are proposed.     

Experimental study of pressure fields in a multilobe journal bearing

An experimental pressure field in operating clearance and flowrate parameters analysis for different eccentricities, inlet oil pressures, and journal rotating velocities are presented for a radial multilobe journal bearing. Lubricating film breakdown zones in bearing oil ducts caused by complicated construction and journal rotation are observed.     

高亚声速大弯角轴流压气机平面叶栅损失模型研究

基于亚声速叶栅设计点损失预估模型,结合无粘S1流场与附面层迭代计算发展了一套计算大弯角轴流压气机平面叶栅流场程序。增加弯度比分布及最大厚度修正得到设计点损失预估模型,采用马赫数修正后的叶栅有效工作范围得到一套大弯角叶栅全工况损失预估模型。分析了轴向密流比在实验中对叶栅损失系数的影响。结果表明,S1流场计算程序与修正后的损失预估模型均能准确地预估出大弯角叶栅设计点损失系数,误差分别小于0.006与0.004。非设计点损失模型能有效地预估得到叶栅有效工作范围内的损失随攻角的分布。初步验证了损失模型对高亚声速大弯角平面叶栅损失系数预估的准确性。     

Space Debris Reentry Analysis Methods and Tools

The reentry of uncontrolled spacecraft may be broken into many pieces of debris at an altitude in the range of 75-85 km. The surviving fragments could pose great hazard and risk to ground and people. In recent years, methods and tools for predicting and analyzing debris reentry and ground risk assessment have been studied and developed in National Aeronautics and Space Ad-ministration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA) and other organizations, including the group of the present authors. This paper reviews the current progress on this topic of debris reentry briefly. We outline the Monte Carlo method for uncertainty analysis, breakup prediction, and parameters affecting survivability of debris. The existing analysis tools can be classified into two categories, i.e. the object-oriented and the spacecraft-oriented methods, the latter being more accurate than the first one. The past object-oriented tools include objects of only simple shapes. For more realistic simulation, here we present an object-oriented tool debris reentry and ablation prediction system (DRAPS) developed by the present authors, which introduces new object shapes to 15 types, as well as 51 predefined motions and relevant aerodynamic and aerothermal models. The aerodynamic and aerothermal models in DRAPS are validated using direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method.     

复杂电磁环境下RS422接口保护电路的实现

在复杂电磁环境下如果对422通信接口进行带电热插拔操作会引发高电压冲击,当热插拔瞬间放电电流大于串口芯片所能承受的最大电流时,串口通信接口电路会被烧毁,为了有效保护通信接口电路,介绍了一种的串口热插拔保护电路,它的原理是使用对地二极管将瞬态的高电压抑制下来,在不改动设备的前提下可以对422通信接口电路提供有效的保护。经实践证明对RS422接口电路有明显的保护作用,也可以应用于其他串行通信电路。     

Input-to-state stability of model-based spacecraft formation control systems with communication constraints

This paper investigates the formation keeping problem for multiple spacecraft in the framework of networked control systems (NCSs). A continuous-time representation of the NCS is considered for the tracking control of relative translational motion between two spacecraft in a leader–follower formation in the presence of communication constraints and system uncertainties. Model-based control schemes are presented, which employ state feedback (when the relative position and velocity vectors are directly measurable) and output feedback (when velocity measurements are not available), respectively, to guarantee input-to-state stability (ISS) of the system. The stability conditions on network transfer intervals are derived as simple eigenvalue tests of a well-structured test matrix. The results are then extended to include network communication delay. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control scheme ensuring high formation keeping precision and robustness to nonlinearities and system uncertainties. The proposed controllers are robust not only to structured uncertainties such as system parameter perturbations but also to unstructured uncertainties such as external disturbances and measurement noises.     

相干光通信系统光锁相环性能分析

文章基于costas OPLL工作原理和数学模型,研究分析了costas OPLL环路数学模型和环路相位噪声,并计算得到了costas环的环路带宽、线宽和90°光混频移相器输出光功率分配比等重要环路设计参数。分析计算结果为星载相干光通信系统光锁相环的设计提供了理论依据。     

一种基于视频序列的运动目标检测方法

文章提出了利用帧差分法和背景差分法结合块匹配对运动目标进行检测的方法,该方法实现简单、速度快。块匹配方法的引入有效地抑制了光照变化和背景扰动的影响,提高了整个系统的自适应性。实验证明,该方法能够满足运动目标的实时检测要求。