Impact of Distance Determinations on Galactic Structure. II. Old Tracers

Here we review the efforts of a number of recent results that use old tracers to understand the build up of the Galaxy. Details that lead directly to using these old tracers to measure distances are discussed. We concentrate on the following: (1) the structure and evolution of the Galactic bulge and inner Galaxy constrained from the dynamics of individual stars residing therein; (2) the spatial structure of the old Galactic bulge through photometric observations of RR Lyrae-type stars; (3) the three-dimensional structure, stellar density, mass, chemical composition, and age of the Milky Way bulge as traced by its old stellar populations; (4) an overview of RR Lyrae stars known in the ultra-faint dwarfs and their relation to the Galactic halo; and (5) different approaches for estimating absolute and relative cluster ages.     

扩频测控体制信号捕获方法分析

扩频综合基带设备集成了遥控、遥测、测距、测速等多种通用功能,在扩频测控体制的发展中占据重要的地位.针对综合基带设备的复杂需求,分析了传统信号捕获方法的局限性,在此基础上提出一种改进的扩频测控信号捕获方法.对载波多普勒范围进行子区间划分,采用二次频率调谐和分段积分累加来扩展频率捕获范围.引入非线性变换解决非相干测控体制下基带数据翻转造成的捕获性能恶化问题.通过仿真结果验证方法的有效性.最后分析了改进方法的捕获性能,可以为综合基带设备研制和测控体制参数设计提供参考.     

1种满足控制计划要求的凸轮型面设计方法

针对液压机械控制装置要求按给定的稳态控制计划设计杠杆、凸轮、弹簧等结构性能参数的问题,采用了考虑离心飞重块工作在燃油中的浮力效应和液体离心力效应对离心飞重换算轴向离心力的修正方法,精确地计算了转速摆动活门的转速-弹簧位移关系的输入输出特性;利用转速给定装置凸轮杠杆机构的叠加特性解决了油门杆角度和发动机进口温度同时变化时相关的控制计划反映在指令弹簧上的位移计算问题;同时从刚架的运动特性规律中抽象出几何不变性,提出了1种按控制计划的不同要求对转速指令凸轮、慢车温度修正凸轮和大车温度修正凸轮进行设计的方法.设计的凸轮按其内在的输入输出特性关系通过各模块之间的信息传递关系以液压机械的控制方式实现了发动机所要求的复杂转速控制计划,对这一设计方法进行了对比验证,可满足设计要求,具有通用性.     

To simulation of fan blade out for a high bypass ratio engine

The results of simulating the dynamic characteristics of turbofan engines (TFE) during and after fan blade-out are presented. To solve the tasks, we constructed a nonlinear unsteady engine model that includes the low pressure rotor, high pressure rotor, cases, nacelle with reverse, engine hanger to the pylon, pylon itself, and aircraft hanger of the pylon to the wing. The rotor system model also includes the rolling bearings (stiffness of which is calculated for engine operation in different operating regimes), nonlinear hydrodynamic dampers, and elastic bushes (“squirrel cages”).     

Evaluation of the spectrometric and dose characteristics of neutron fields inside the Russian segment of the ISS by fission detectors

The results of measuring the dose and the energy spectrum of neutrons inside the Russian segment of the International Space Station (ISS) from March 21 until November 10, 2002 are presented. Statistically reliable results of measurement are obtained by using thorium- and uranium-based fission detectors with cadmium and boron filters. The kits of the detectors with filters have been arranged in three compartments within assembled passive detectors in the BRADOS space experiment. The ambient dose rate H* = 139 μSv day and an energy spectrum of neutrons in the range of 10^–2–10⁴ MeV is obtained as average for the ISS compartments and is compared with the measurements carried out inside the compartments of the MIR space station. Recommendations on how to improve the procedure for using the fission detectors to measure the characteristics of neutron fields inside the compartments of space stations are formulated.     

基于激光激励的火工冲击响应及其特性研究

针对传统火工冲击激励方法在频率范围方面的局限性，研究新兴的激光激励方式、激励特性及其参数的影响，探究模拟火工冲击试验的可行性。首先参考经典的冲击试验方法，制定了激光激励试验的试验方案，设计了试验装置并进行了冲击试验；然后针对火工冲击和激光激励的试验结果，在时域、频域进行了时频分析和响应谱分析与对比；最后依据该试验方法，讨论了激光脉冲频率和激光脉冲能量对冲击响应的影响。研究提出的激光激励方法对火工冲击机理研究与地面模拟试验设计具有一定的参考价值。     

An integrated system of operation mode synchronization for the helicopter powerplant engines

We consider the problem of synthesizing the control system of the helicopter power plant that consists of two turboshaft engines with free turbines, which through an overall mechanical transmission rotate the helicopter uniaxial rotors. We discuss the problem of coordinating the dynamic characteristics of the individual control loops, when the modes of operation are changed with the aim of balancing the load of each of the two engines.     

On the Non-coplanar Transfer of Type II between Two Circular Orbits

The paper regards two-impulse transfer from a low parking orbit into a circular orbit with the altitude less than 36 000 km, while the inclination correction is carried out with each maneuver. An approximate formula is proposed capable of evaluating analytically the optimal value of the first correction of inclination; the corresponding accuracy data are given. Examples are provided to show the operational efficiency of an optimal non-coplanar transfer of the type II with injections of satellites into various target orbits from Russian launch sites with due account of the available launch azimuths.     

Collapse of a spheroidal cavitation bubble near a solid wall

Dynamics of a gas bubble in a liquid near a solid wall is studied. The influence of the initial spheroidal disturbances of the bubble shape and the distance to the wall on the dynamics of the bubble–liquid system is analyzed. The pressure in the bubble is initially greater than that of the surrounding liquid. An algorithm based on the Euler scheme and the boundary element method is applied in the calculations.     

Influence of an oil supply process on the characteristics of plain journal bearings

In this paper, we present some experimental data on characteristics of plain journal bearings at different variants of oil supply inlet pipe arrangement and relative values of the shaft rotation speed and inlet pipe pressure. Also established is the significant growth of oil consumption when the inclination angle of the inlet throttling element axis is increased.