Multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for emission and cost reductions

Pollutant gases emitted from the civil jet are doing more and more harm to the environ- ment with the rapid development of the global commercial aviation transport. Low environmental impact has become a new requirement for aircraft design. In this paper, estimation method for emis- sion in aircraft conceptual design stage is improved based on the International Civil Aviation Orga- nization （ICAO） aircraft engine emissions databank and the polynomial curve fitting methods. The greenhouse gas emission （CO2 equivalent） per seat per kilometer is proposed to measure the emis- sions. An approximate sensitive analysis and a multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for tradeoff between greenhouse effect and direct operating cost （DOC） are performed with five geom- etry variables of wing configuration and two flight operational parameters. The results indicate that reducing the cruise altitude and Mach number may result in a decrease of the greenhouse effect but an increase of DOC. And the two flight operational parameters have more effects on the emissions than the wing configuration. The Pareto-optimal front shows that a decrease of 29.8% in DOC is attained at the expense of an increase of 10.8% in greenhouse gases.     

Dynamic analysis of C/C composite finger seal

A seal device as an important component of aeroengines has decisive influence on per- formance, reliability, and working life of aeroengines. With the development of aeroengines, demands on the performance characteristics of seal devices are made strictly. Finger seal as a novel kind of sealing device, recently attracts more and more attentions in academic circles and engineer- ing fields at home and abroad. Research on finger seals has been extensively developed, especially on leakage and wear performances under dynamic conditions. However, it is a pity that the work on finger seals has been limited with a single approach that is improving the performance by structural optimization; in addition, the technology of dynamic analysis on finger seals is weak. Aiming at the problems mentioned above, a distributed mass equivalent dynamic model of finger seals considering the coupling effect of overlaid laminates is established in the present paper, the dynamic perfor- mance of 2.5 dimension C/C composite finger seal is analyzed with the model, and then the effects of fiber bundle density and fiber bundle preparation direction on finger seal＇s dynamic performance are discussed, as well as compared with those of Co-based alloy finger seal. The current work is about dynamic analysis of finger seals and application of C/C composite in this paper may have much academic significance and many engineering values for improving research level of finger seal dynamics and exploring feasibility of C/C composite being used for finger seals.     

交会对接任务碰撞规避策略制定研究简

针对交会对接任务目标飞行器与追踪器轨道运行特性,综合考虑规避策略计算方法与工程实际相结合的问题,提出高度规避、时间规避以及与正常轨控相结合的碰撞规避策略计算方法等三种空间目标碰撞规避策略计算方法.高度规避计算方法采用了Lambert飞行原理,用简化二体开普勒模型取代高精度轨道预报方法,迭代求解规避机动速度增量,实现了通过约束过交点与目标径向距离差得到速度增量的最优解;时间规避计算方法通过轨道周期与速度增量的关系,实现了通过约束过交点与目标的时间差得到速度增量的最优解;与正常轨控相结合的碰撞规避策略计算方法,在正常控制考虑冗余控制量的基础上,对控制策略的控制开始时间或沿迹方向的速度增量进行较小的修正,使两者通过碰撞点的时刻或径向距离错开,达到碰撞规避的目的,该方法不仅可以节省燃料、而且对任务的影响较小.通过对三种空间目标碰撞规避策略计算方法仿真分析结果表明,完全适用于交会对接任务,可为我国载人航天任务飞行安全提供技术保障.     

基于2D-LDV技术的船舶螺旋桨三维流场结构分析(英文)

利用2D-LDV设备,通过优化布置测试点,获得了均匀来流下螺旋桨尾流场三维流动数据。展示了宏观的流场动态以及微观的流动信息,如尾涡和梢涡在流场中的分布情况、尾涡部流动的剪切效应、梢涡部的绕流及流动分离状态。计算了水动力螺距角以及螺旋桨附着涡的总环量。试验显示了LDV技术在流动细节测试方面的优势,获得的定量信息可以为相关研究人员提供技术支持。     

多跑道航班进离场动态调度模型与算法

针对民航运输快速发展导致的航班延误频增现象,研究了多跑道航班进离场的动态调度问题。研究时段内航班的总延误成本最小和延误时间均衡为目标,综合考虑根据机型确定的航班进离场调度优先权和管制员负荷,建立多跑道航班进离场调度模型,利用遗传算法对模型进行仿真验证。仿真结果与先到先服务(FCFS)调度方式进行比较,采用遗传算法的航班进离场调度比FCFS的延误成本降低了45.07%,延误时间降低了37.90%,同时有效地均衡了航空公司的延误时间,保障了航空公司的公平性并提高了跑道系统容量,降低了管制员负荷。通过仿真验证了多跑道航班进离场动态调度策略具有较强的优势和可行性。     

Adaptive Gaussian sum squared-root cubature Kalman filter with split-merge scheme for state estimation

The paper deals with state estimation problem of nonlinear non-Gaussian discrete dynamic systems for improvement of accuracy and consistency. An efficient new algorithm called the adaptive Gaussian-sum square-root cubature Kalman filter（AGSSCKF） with a split-merge scheme is proposed. It is developed based on the squared-root extension of newly introduced cubature Kalman filter（SCKF） and is built within a Gaussian-sum framework. Based on the condition that the probability density functions of process noises and initial state are denoted by a Gaussian sum using optimization method, a bank of SCKF are used as the sub-filters to estimate state of system with the corresponding weights respectively, which is adaptively updated. The new algorithm consists of an adaptive splitting and merging procedure according to a proposed split-decision model based on the nonlinearity degree of measurement. The results of two simulation scenarios（one-dimensional state estimation and bearings-only tracking） show that the proposed filter demonstrates comparable performance to the particle filter with significantly reduced computational cost.     

气氧/煤油富燃燃气发生器燃烧试验研究

为了研究航天煤油的富燃燃烧特性,设计了一个气氧/煤油富燃燃气发生器,并进行了室压范围1~4MPa、混合比范围0.25~0.52的燃烧试验,获得了混合比和室压对特征速度、燃气温度及燃烧效率的影响规律。试验结果表明,采用火花塞点火方式可以实现该燃气发生器在高度富燃条件下的可靠点火;在本文研究范围内,试验测得的特征速度和燃气温度明显低于化学平衡理论预测值,燃烧效率介于63.9%~88.3%之间。混合比是特征速度、燃气温度及燃烧效率的最大影响因素,室压的影响远小于混合比。燃烧效率与实际燃气温度与理论燃气温度比值的平方根成正比。     

航空碳纤维树脂基复合材料加筋板压缩屈曲及后屈曲性能

开展了复合材料加筋板轴压稳定性实验,对加筋板的屈曲及后屈曲性能、破坏模式和后屈曲失效表征进行了研究.实验结果表明加筋板在轴压下具有良好后屈曲承载潜能,破坏载荷约为屈曲载荷的2.2倍;其屈曲模式为筋条间蒙皮首先发生屈曲失稳,筋条在整个承载过程中保持直线,起到“屈曲分隔”的作用.通过对加筋板屈曲及后屈曲性能的理论分析,得出的理论屈曲载荷和理论破坏载荷与实验结果相对误差均小于8%,并确定了在后屈曲过程中蒙皮中心挠度的变化规律和轴向载荷的面内分布特征.      

Effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of anodic oxide film on titanium alloy Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al

The effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of ano-dic oxide film on titanium alloy was investigated. The alloy substrates were anodized in different concentration solutions of sodium tartrate with the addition of PTFE emulsion and their morphol-ogy and characteristics were analyzed. The anodic oxide film presented a uniform petaloid drums and micro-cracks morphology. Additionally, micro-cracks dramatically swelled with the increase of the tartrate concentrations. The thickness of the anodic oxide film increased with the concentra-tions until the concentration reached 15 g/L. The results of Raman analysis illustrate that all sam-ples have similarity in the crystal structure, consisting of mainly amorphous TiO2, some anatase TiO2 and a small amount of rutile TiO2. And the ratios of anatase TiO2 and rutile TiO2 increase with the concentrations until it reaches 15 g/L. Furthermore, the intensity of the peaks increases with enhanced concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L. The corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film is increased by the sodium tartrate with higher concentrations before 15 g/L. The coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film reduces with the concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L, then the coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film increases with the concentrations.     

小型涡扇发动机分布式控制系统总线触发机制研究

为分析比较2种总线触发机制(时间触发和事件触发)对航空发动机实时控制的影响,以某小型涡扇发动机为对象,采用智能节点型分布式结构,构建了其分布式控制系统数字仿真平台;利用True Time/Matlab工具箱展开网络实时仿真研究,系统各节点通过CAN总线进行数据通信。以此仿真平台为基础,对2种触发机制下发动机的转速响应以及对应的时延统计结果表明:在事件触发机制下发动机转速超调量比时间触发机制下的大2.32%;在不同网络负载下,在事件触发机制下的时延大小和尖峰数均大于在时间触发机制下的。最终认为时间触发机制更适合于航空发动机分布式控制系统。