Numerical analysis for impacts of nozzle end-clearances on aerodynamic performance and forced response in a VNT turbine

It has been well known that nozzle end-clearances in a Variable Nozzle Turbine (VNT) are unfavorable for aerodynamic performance, especially at small openings, and efforts to further decrease size of the clearances are very hard due to thermal expansion. In this paper, both the different sizes of nozzle end-clearances and the various ratios of their distribution at the hub and shroud sides were modelled and investigated by performing 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations with a code of transferring the aerodynamic pressure from the CFD results to the FEA calculations. It was found that increasing the size of the nozzle end-clearances divided equally at the hub and shroud sides deteriorates turbine efficiency and turbine wheel reliability, yet increases turbine flow capacity. And, when the total nozzle end-clearances remain the same, varying nozzle end-clearances’ distribution at the hub and shroud sides not only shifts operation point of a VNT turbine, but also affects the turbine wheel vibration stress. Compared with nozzle hub clearance, the shroud clearance is more sensitive to both aerodynamic performance and reliability of a VNT turbine. Consequently, a possibility is put forward to improve VNT turbine efficiency meanwhile decrease vibration stress by optimizing nozzle end-clearances’ distribution.     

复合材料机翼油箱盖板的制造和质量控制

介绍了采用开模膨胀橡胶法制造带加强筋的复合材料机翼整体油箱油箱盖板的一次共固化的工艺方法.针对初期制造的油箱盖板存在的比较严重的质量问题,包括翘曲、筋条尺寸超差、大面积分层及空隙密集等,提出了相应的设计修改、工艺改进和质量控制措施,最终制造出合格的制件.通过了功能试验和飞行考核.     

Dry Grinding of Titanium Alloy Using Brazed Monolayer cBN Wheels Coated with Graphite Lubricant

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of graphite lubricant on the dry grinding performance of Ti-6Al-4Valloy,using graphite-coated,brazed monolayer,cubic boron nitride(cBN)wheels.Brazed monolayer cBN wheels both with and without a coating of polymer-based graphite lubricant are fabricated and subsequently compared for grinding performance based on measurements of grinding temperature,surface microstructure and grinding.In terms of grinding temperature,considerable improvement in dry grinding performance of titanium alloy is achieved using coated brazed monolayer cBN wheels,with 42%—47%reduction in grinding temperature as opposed to uncoated wheels.The grinding force ratio with the coated wheels is observed to remain between 1.45to1.85despite material removal rates reaching up to 1 950mm3/mm.No tangible change in ground titanium surface microstructure is noted as a result of grinding with the graphite coated wheels as opposed to the uncoated ones.     

中国电动飞机技术创新与实践观点

电动飞机极大地提高了飞机的环保性、舒适性、维修性和经济性，是航空工业未来的发展方向。电动飞机应具备高气动效率、高推进效率、高结构效率、高能量密度，以提高航时。"十三五"期间，中国已完成2机首飞，2机取证。"十四五"期间，电动飞机研发应该以高功率高效率电推进系统为研发重点，以混合电推进系列飞机为研发核心，以现有新能源型号全寿命保障体系研究为关键，以拓展新型电动飞行器研发和标准构建为目标。     

注气离心喷嘴喷注过程稳定性试验

为了解管路注气对补燃循环液氧煤油发动机预燃室煤油离心喷嘴喷注过程稳定性的影响，在大气环境下开展了敞口型离心喷嘴注气时喷注过程稳定性试验。使用注气装置在离心喷嘴的上游供应管路中注入空气，通过高速相机记录管路内的两相流特征和喷嘴喷注过程的振荡特征，采用图像区域亮度分析方法定量评估喷注过程的振荡强度。研究发现：注气能显著改变敞口型离心喷嘴的喷注雾化过程及稳定性特征；注气后雾化液膜破碎距离缩短且喷雾角减小，喷注过程出现明显的振荡并伴随Klystron效应；管路内两相流的气泡尺度较大且切向孔较小时，喷注过程的振荡幅值较大；随着注气量增加，喷注过程的振荡频率降低；气泡尺度及两相流型对离心喷嘴喷注振荡过程的影响与普通气泡雾化喷嘴的显著不同，柱状流型时离心喷嘴喷注过程出现1~3 Hz流量振荡且可能间歇性断流。气泡对切向孔的间歇性堵塞作用可能是喷注过程振荡及Klystron效应的原因。     

纳米级SiCp/6066Al复合材料的制备与力学性能的研究

采用粉末冶金方法制备了纳米SiCp增强铝基复合材料，研究了增强相尺寸对铝基复合材料性能的影响。结果表明：体积分数为1％的纳米级SiCp／6066Al复合材料的强度与体积分数为12％、尺寸为7μm的SiCp／6066Al复合材料的强度相当，并且前者的塑性高于后者。     

直升机起落架抗坠毁性能的有限元仿真评估

 建立了直升机起落架抗坠毁有限元模型,模拟硬着陆和坠毁过程,以考察起落架在坠毁事故发生时的吸能能力。有限元建模使用真实的几何模型,用一个虚拟的框架代替机身把起落架连接起来,全机质量折算为减缩质量并分布到该框上。缓冲器用弹簧—阻尼器单元替代,其参数由性能曲线给出。使用非线性瞬态动力学的显式解法求解冲击问题。对两种情况进行了仿真:分别以6.0m/ s 和10.2m/ s 的垂直速度撞击地面。坠毁实验表明仿真结果与实验结果具有较好的一致性。     

仪表飞行程序辅助设计研究与实现

GIS技术的发展为仪表飞行程序辅助设计的实现提供了可能。重点论述了应用GIS技术、仪表飞行程序设计技术的基本思想，分析了飞行程序辅助设计逻辑模型，详细介绍了主要的技术难点——保护区障碍物评价及解决思路——自动适应网格遍历模块的方法。实际应用表明飞行程序辅助设计具有很好的应用前景。     

液氧/煤油火箭发动机故障诊断与监控

阐述了液氧／煤油液体火箭发动机故障诊断的基本原理与方法，以及故障诊断系统的组成，说明了液氧／煤油火箭发动机故障诊断系统需要考虑的几个问题，并简要介绍了监控系统的组成与原理。     

基于矩阵逆特征值法的结构动力学设计

结构刚度矩阵和质量矩阵是关于设计参数的函数,而且事实上一般是非线性函数.结构动力学设计通常要求结构具有指定的动力特性,结构动力学设计问题可以归纳为一类含设计参数的广义逆特征值问题.首先给出了结构动力学设计问题的数学描述以及相应的求解准则和方法,然后,利用矩阵逆特征值问题的特点,将原来对整体矩阵的计算转化为对特定的局部矩阵的计算,整体矩阵与局部矩阵之间的数学和物理性质有明确的对应关系,既大大降低了计算量,又能保证计算精度.算例证明了本文方法良好的性能.