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351.
Guojun Wang Jiankui Shi Weihua Bai Ivan Galkin Zeng Wang Yueqian Sun 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2019,63(10):3119-3130
Global observations of S4 amplitude scintillation index by the GPS Occultation Sounder (GNOS) on FengYun-3 C (FY3C) satellite reveal global dynamic patterns of a strong pre-midnight scintillations in F-region of the ionosphere during the St. Patrick’s Day geomagnetic super storm of 17–19 March 2015. The observed strong scintillations mainly occurred in the low latitudes, caused by equatorial plasma bubbles. During the main storm phase (March 17), the scintillations were first triggered in the New Zealand sector near 160°E longitudes, extending beyond 40°S dip latitude. They were also enhanced in the Indian sector, but significantly suppressed in East Asia near 120°E longitude and in Africa around 30°E longitude. During the initial recovery phase (March 18–19), the global scintillations were seldom observed in GNOS data. During the later recovery phase (after March 19), the scintillations recovered to the pre-storm level in Indian, African, and American sectors, but not in East Asian and any of Pacific sectors. These results closely correlate with observations of the density depletion structures by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite, and ground-based instruments. Such consistency indicates reliability of our scintillation sensing approach even in a case-by-case comparison study. The prompt penetration electric field and disturbance dynamo electric field are suggested as the main factors that control the enhancement and inhibition of the scintillations during the storm, respectively. 相似文献
352.
农村建筑热工性能较差,采暖季能耗居高不下。本文通过Dest软件建立模型,对寒冷地区农村建筑不同围护结构下能耗情况进行模拟,并建立P1-P2经济分析模型,以全生命周期费用最小或者净现值最大确定合理的外墙保温层厚度及窗户类型。 相似文献
353.
以丁腈橡胶(CTBN)为增韧剂对环氧树脂(F51)进行增韧改性,通过FTIR、TG以及力学性能测试研究了丁腈橡胶对环氧树脂固化反应、热稳定性能和力学性能的影响,并分析了其增韧机理;分别采用燃气流剪切烧蚀试验和电弧风动烧蚀实验考核了低密度烧蚀材料的烧蚀性能。结果表明:经CTBN改性后,两者的分子链产生了一定程度的交联;树脂基体的拉伸、弯曲性能有所下降,但韧性得到了增强;热稳定性大大提高,增韧后的F51树脂在800℃时的残重率由增韧前的23%提高到了54%;低密度烧蚀材料的抗剪切、抗剥蚀能力得到了增强,且碳层的尺寸稳定性也得到了改善,烧蚀性能提高。 相似文献
354.
半球深腔的加工质量是决定硅基MEMS半球陀螺精度的关键因素之一,及时检测半球深腔的形貌参数并将其反馈至加工过程,是确保高性能MEMS半球陀螺研制成功的重要措施。由于硅半球深腔的深度较大,台阶仪和光学显微成像系统无法对半球深腔的形貌特征进行有效测量。因此,需要将硅深腔结构剖开后采用扫描电镜(SEM)进行检测。这种检测方式时间周期长,且属于破坏性的样本检测,效率和测试精度都较低。提出以硅半球深腔为模具,利用PDMS铸模将硅半球深腔的结构尺寸和表面形貌转移到PDMS凸起的半球模型上,通过检测PDMS半球模型的尺寸结构和表面形貌,即可反推出硅半球深腔的尺寸特征。经实验验证,脱模后的PDMS模型可以准确地反映出半球深腔的尺寸信息,测量结果的不确定度小于5‰,有效解决了硅半球深腔无损检测的难题。 相似文献
356.
Jia Luo Fangfang Sun Xiaohua Xu Han Wang 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2019,63(1):327-336
In this paper, we compared the F2-Layer critical frequency (foF2) derived from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation (RO) and ionosondes at Chiang Mai, Chumphon and Kototabang during the years 2008–2015 to evaluate the performance of COSMIC RO over Southeast Asia region. The results show that the time development of foF2 values derived from COSMIC RO generally agrees well with those from ionosonde measurements. However, the differences between the foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that derived from ionosonde observations display latitudinal dependence. COSMIC RO tends to underestimate foF2 at Chiang Mai and Kototabang, which is near to the north EIA crest and the south one, respectively, while a little overestimate foF2 at Chumphon, which is close to the geomagnetic equator. COSMIC RO agrees best with ionosonde at Chumphon and worst at Chiang Mai. At each ionosonde station, the quality of COSMIC RO data degrades with the increase of solar activity. In addition, at the station Chiang Mai and Kototabang, COSMIC RO performs better in summer than in equinox and winter. Furthermore, the differences in foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that from ionosonde measurements vary with local time, i.e., the differences in foF2 are generally smaller at night and larger in noontime when equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) is well developed. 相似文献
357.
358.
359.
任务型教学法是新兴的一种强调“在做中学”(learning by doing)的语言教学方法,是我国外语课程教学改革的一个走向,吸收了以往多种教学法的优点而形成。任务是任务型教学法中一个重要概念。要使任务型教学法更好地发挥作用,任务的设计就显得尤为重要。在任务设计中,要注意任务与人本主义、任务与文化性、任务与教师角色之... 相似文献
360.
The classical probabilistic reliability theory and fuzzy reliability theory cannot directly measure the uncertainty of structural reliability with uncertain variables,i.e.,subjective random and fuzzy variables.In order to simultaneously satisfy the duality of randomness and subadditivity of fuzziness in the reliability problem,a new quantification method for the reliability of structures is presented based on uncertainty theory,and an uncertainty-theory-based perspective of classical Cornell reliability index is explored.In this paper,by introducing the uncertainty theory,we adopt the uncertain measure to quantify the reliability of structures for the subjective probability or fuzzy variables,instead of probabilistic and possibilistic measures.We utilize uncertain variables to uniformly represent the subjective random and fuzzy parameters,based on which we derive solutions to analyze the uncertainty reliability of structures with uncertainty distributions.Moreover,we propose the Cornell uncertainty reliability index based on the uncertain expected value and variance.Experimental results on three numerical applications demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. 相似文献