A Class of TVD Type Combined Numerical Scheme for MHD Equations With a Survey About Numerical Methods in Solar Wind Simulations

It has been believed that three-dimensional, numerical, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modelling must play a crucial role in a seamless forecasting system. This system refers to space weather originating on the sun; propagation of disturbances through the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and thence, transmission into the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. This role comes as no surprise to numerical modelers that participate in the numerical modelling of atmospheric environments as well as the meteorological conditions at Earth. Space scientists have paid great attention to operational numerical space weather prediction models. To this purpose practical progress has been made in the past years. Here first is reviewed the progress of the numerical methods in solar wind modelling. Then, based on our discussion, a new numerical scheme of total variation diminishing (TVD) type for magnetohydrodynamic equations in spherical coordinates is proposed by taking into account convergence, stability and resolution. This new MHD model is established by solving the fluid equations of MHD system with a modified Lax-Friedrichs scheme and the magnetic induction equations with MacCormack II scheme for the purpose of developing a combined scheme of quick convergence as well as of TVD property. To verify the validation of the scheme, the propagation of one-dimensional MHD fast and slow shock problem is discussed with the numerical results conforming to the existing results obtained by the piece-wise parabolic method (PPM). Finally, some conclusions are made. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Flutter analysis of an airfoil with bounded random parameters in incompressible flow via Gegenbauer polynomial approximation

The effects of parameter uncertainty on the flutter characteristics of a two-dimensional airfoil in an incompressible flow were investigated through Gegenbauer polynomial approximation. The uncertain parameters, such as the linear and cubic pitch stiffness coefficients are modeled as bounded random variables with λ-PDFs (probability density functions). With the aid of Gegenbauer polynomial approximation, the two-dimensional stochastic airfoil system is transformed at first into its equivalent deterministic one. Then the Hopf-bifurcation point is determined through the equivalent deterministic system, and the onset of the flutter, together with the flutter frequency against the probability density distribution parameter and the intensity of the random variable is explored. In addition, the ranges of the peak pitch and plunge responses against the flight speed and the PDFs of the peak pitch response are obtained. Numerical results show how the probability density distribution parameters and the intensities of random parameters affect the flutter onset speed, flutter angular frequency, the upper and lower boundaries of peak responses, and the PDFs of peak responses.     

碟形弹簧的弯曲效应问题

以采用壳体非线性无矩理论所确定的碟形弹簧薄膜位移与薄膜应力作为初始状态,采用壳体线性有矩理论对碟形弹簧进行了弯曲位移与弯曲应力分析.分析表明:与薄膜应力相比,弯曲应力是不能略去的;而与薄膜位移相比,弯曲位移是可以略去的.因此,对碟形弹簧而言,以壳体非线性无矩理论确定位移是合理的,而以壳体线性有矩理论确定附加弯曲应力也是可行的,同时也是必要的.     

含连续／离散变量结构优化中的神经网络与变尺度模拟退火方法

传统的优化方法难于有效地处理含有连续／离散混合变量优化问题，本文介绍了一种改进的变尺度模拟退火方法并与人工神经网络能量函数模型相结合，用于求解含连续／离散设计变量的工程结构优化问题，较好地解决了模拟退火技术用于工程结构优化时选取具有全局性的初始点困难及迭代次数较多的弱点。算例表明，该方法可以使模拟退火算法从局部最优的陷阱中跳出，最后求出整体最优解。     

Analysis of crack opening stresses for center- and edge-crack tension specimens

Accurate determination of crack opening stress is of central importance to fatigue crack growth analysis and life prediction based on the crack-closure model. This paper studies the crack opening behavior for center- and edge-crack tension specimens. It is found that the crack opening stress is affected by the crack tip element. By taking the crack tip element into account, a modified crack opening stress equation is given for the center-crack tension specimen. Crack surface displace- ment equations for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under remote uniform tension and partially distributed pressure are derived by using the weight function method. Based on these displacements, a crack opening stress equation for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under uniform tension has been developed. The study shows that the crack opening stress is geometry-dependent, and the weight function method provides an effective and reliable tool to deal with such geometry depen- dence.     

XX—Ⅱ平尾六分量天平的研制

本文是国内第一台六分量部件天平的研制总结,文中对此类天平所遇到的一些棘手问题所采取的一些措施及实验结果作了介绍。     

深空探测器被动式高精度多普勒测量方法与应用

针对深空探测器的单程多普勒测量需求,研究了被动式高精度多普勒测量方法及其实现技术。该方法基于探测器测控信标残留载波等点频信号和VLBI测站高精度氢原子钟频标,构造出与实际接收信号频率接近的参考信号;再通过本地相关处理,完成高精度开环多普勒测量。其特色在于完全不需要精确的先验轨道模型。所开发的专用被动式多普勒测量设备,在国内第一次成功用于欧空局环火星探测器“MEX”的多普勒测定轨试验。探测器X频段信号5s积分的单程多普勒测量精度达到 0.2mm/s ,与欧空局测量水平相当。采用该多普勒测量数据的MEX定轨结果与欧空局精密轨道在数百米至千米量级一致。     

高速飞行器轻质防热材料高温环境下的隔热性能研究

导弹等高速飞行器广泛采用轻质材料进行热防护,但实际使用的轻质防热材料由于在密度、质量、工艺、生产批次等多方面的原因,厂家提供的非连续表征的离散式材料导热系数,与非线性连续变化的实际热参数之间存在一定差别.建立轻质防热材料高温导热系数测量装置,通过试验得到轻质高温陶瓷隔热材料导热系数与温度之间的非线性关系,为提高数值计算...     

基于自适应近似法的复合材料先进格栅加筋结构优化设计(英文)

针对复合材料高级格栅加筋结构(AGS)的后屈曲约束优化问题,发展出基于自适应近似法的优化方法。设计将后屈曲考虑入结构的承载能力,比传统的以线性屈曲载荷为极限载荷的设计方法进一步提高结构效率。采用梁偏移技术对加筋-蒙皮联结进行有限元建模,并用Newton-Raphson法对AGS的后屈曲响应进行求解。通过少量次数的结构分析建立结构极限载荷的Kriging近似模型,并将之用于优化过程,以显著提高优化工作效率。使用多岛遗传算法运行优化计算,得到问题的全局最优解。针对问题的设计变量取值范围较大的特点,发展出基于自适应近似法的优化方法,计算结果证明该法比一般的基于近似法的优化方法能够显著减少结构分析次数。工作在有限元分析软件MSC.PATRAN/MARC、工程辅助软件iSIGHT中进行,验证了其相关功能,为复合材料AGS结构件的初步设计工具奠定基础。     

ChirpZ变换的FPGA实现方法

研究用FPGA实现CZT变换的算法推演和硬件结构 ,给出用FPGA计算快速CZT变换的结构框图 ,并把每一个模块映射到可以实现的逻辑结构 ,估计使用的资源 ,结果可为FPGA实现CZT的具体设计参考