钛合金TB6铣削加工硬化实验

研究了使用涂层硬质合金刀具对钛合金TB6进行端铣加工时,铣削参数以及刀具后刀面磨损量对加工硬化（表面硬化率、硬化层深度以及硬化层硬度分布）的影响,以弄清TB6铣削硬化现象及机理.结果表明,在实验参数范围内,刀具无磨损的情况下,硬化率基本保持在107%~112%范围内,硬化层深度范围为18~36 μm;铣削速度增加时,加工硬化程度会有较为明显的降低现象,而进给量与切深对加工硬化的影响并不明显;刀具磨损对加工硬化的影响较为显著,后刀面磨损量低于0.2 mm时,硬化层深度随着磨损增加从30 μm增加至55 μm,而后刀面磨损量为0.35 mm时,硬化层深度达到了130 μm.刀具磨损后在加工表面下较浅位置出现软化区域,而且随着磨损量的增加,软化越来越明显.      

电缆网阻值测试仪的设计与实现

随着单片机技术的发展及其在测试领域的广泛应用,早期采用的人工作业对电缆网性能测定的方法已经不再适用。本文介绍了一种基于单片机技术的电缆网阻值测试仪。从电缆网阻值测试仪的功能与设计要求出发,阐述了总体设计方案,说明了该套设备的工作原理,描述了系统的硬件实施和软件设计,并对整套设备进行了实验验证。结果表明：设备满足了用户要求,提高了测试效率。     

Estimation of GPS instrumental biases from small scale network

With 4 GPS receivers located in the equatorial anomaly region in southeast China, this paper proposes a grid-based algorithm to determine the GPS satellites and receivers biases, and at the same time to derive the total electron content (TEC) with time resolution of 15 min and spatial resolution of 1° by 3.5° in latitude and longitude. By assuming that the TEC is identical at any point within a given grid block and the biases do not vary within a day, the algorithm arranges unknown biases and TECs with slant path TEC from the 4 receivers’ observations into a set of equations. Then the instrumental biases and the TECs are determined by using the least squares fitting technique. The performance of the method is examined by applying it to the GPS receiver chain observations selected from 16 geomagnetically quiet days in four seasons of 2006. It is found that the fitting agrees with the data very well, with goodness of fit ranging from 0.452 TECU to 1.914 TECU. Having a mean of 0.9 ns, the standard deviations for most of the GPS satellite biases are less than 1.0 ns for the 16 days. The GPS receiver biases are more stable than that of the GPS satellites. The standard deviation in the 4 receiver bias is from 0.370 ns to 0.855 ns, with a mean of 0.5 ns. Moreover, the instrumental biases are highly correlated with those derived from CODE and JPL with independent methods. The typical precision of the derived TEC is 5 TECU by a conservative estimation. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm is valid and qualified for small scale GPS network.     

A comprehensive numerical model investigating the thermal-dynamic performance of scientific balloon

The increase of balloon applications makes it necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the thermal and dynamic performance of scientific balloons. This paper proposed a novel numerical model to investigate the thermal and dynamic characteristics of scientific balloon in both ascending and floating conditions. The novel model consists of a dynamic model and thermal model, the dynamic model was solved numerically by a computer program developed with Matlab/Simulink to calculate the velocity and trajectory, the thermal model was solved by the Fluent program to find out the balloon film temperature distribution and inner Helium gas velocity and temperature field. These models were verified by comparing the numerical results with experimental data. Then the thermal and dynamic behavior of a scientific balloon in a real environment were simulated and discussed in details.     

On the observability of Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements

A thorough observability analysis of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements from ground based beacons is performed. This analysis involves the evaluation of the Fisher information matrix which is derived from the maximum likelihood estimation. A series of navigation cases with multiple beacons are investigated, and both range and range-rate measurements are considered. The determinant of Fisher information matrix is used to quantify the observability of navigation system, while the trace of Fisher information matrix is used to determine the lower-bound of estimation errors. For one and two beacon cases, the navigation system is unobservable. However, the eigenvectors of Fisher information matrix give the observable and unobservable component. When three or more beacon measurements are employed, the states of entry vehicle become observable. Some valuable analytic conclusions on the relationship between the geometric configuration of beacons and observability are obtained consequently. Finally, simulation results from two navigation examples indicate that our effort is useful for understanding and assessing the observability of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements.     

基于边频相对能量和的柱塞泵磨损状态识别

摩擦磨损是飞机柱塞泵典型的渐进性故障,因磨损量难以直接测量,通常采用振动信号进行间接测量.磨损引起的振动信号故障特征微弱,对磨损状态进行准确地识别比较困难.针对上述问题,提出了基于谐波分量边频相对能量和的磨损状态识别方法,该方法对壳体振动信号进行Hilbert包络解调消除高频周期干扰,得到清晰的谐波分量,在各谐波分量的特定边频区间内计算最大能量与平均能量的比值并求和,将该值作为新的特征量来表征柱塞泵的不同磨损状态,利用网格法对边频区间范围寻优.结果表明,边频相对能量和相比传统的特征频率能量对磨损状态的区分度更高,适于磨损状态识别.      

分离式机械压汽蒸馏系统的实验

针对传统机械压汽蒸馏的不足,提出分离式机械压汽蒸馏系统.建立了一套容量为1.5 m3/d的单效分离式机械压汽蒸馏系统并对其进行实验研究.实验系统主要由两套旋转蒸发器、冷凝器以及压缩机组成.通过改变压缩机转速和蒸发温度来研究系统的性能.结果表明在蒸馏水产量一定的前提下压缩机进口压力和冷凝器进口压力随着压缩机转速的增加而逐渐下降,换热温差随着压缩机转速的增加而增加,最高温差稳定在8.5℃左右.通过改变系统的真空度获得不同的蒸发温度,蒸发温度越高,蒸馏产量越高,系统性能也越好.      

基于任务评定的战斗机大迎角飞行控制律设计方法

针对现代战斗机大迎角机动的飞行控制设计问题,在角速率指令非线性动态逆控制律基础上,引入表征期望飞行品质的理想参考模型,构成了模型参考动态逆飞行控制律,并借助基于任务的飞行品质评定方法完成了控制参数的整定,从而实现了对飞机大迎角机动的控制.对设计结果进行了时域和频域仿真,并使用基于任务的飞行品质评定方法对闭环系统的飞行品质进行了评定,验证了控制律设计的有效性.通过不同任务下评定结果的对比,说明了这一方法在揭示飞机大迎角飞行品质特性和特定任务对飞行控制律的特殊要求这两方面的优越性,可用于战斗机大迎角机动的非线性飞行控制律设计与飞行品质的评定.