基于高效数值方法的一种高超声速飞行器外形气动力/热综合优化设计研究

基于所发展的高效气动力/热快速预测方法,建立了适用于高超声速飞行器的综合考虑气动力与气动热特性的外形优化设计技术,并在一种高超声速飞行器外形设计中应用,通过优化设计改变了初始外形纵向静不稳定特性,优化后外形实现了纵向静稳定、大攻角自配平和非驻点表面最大热流下降的设计目标。所发展的方法为适应气动外形快速选型设计需求提供了有效的途径。     

无控武器对地攻击精度分析

针对目前无控武器对地攻击精度影响因素来源单一,分析影响精度的多种误差源。建立直升机无控武器命中精度分析模型,针对平飞方式下的无控武器命中精度问题,采用蒙特卡洛法多次仿真。针对命中精度与各个误差源的关系方程,提出采用多元线性回归法对仿真结果进行分析,给出误差源对命中精度的影响程度。对关系方程和误差影响程度进行显著性检验,使其更加准确、可信。     

Adaptive Gaussian sum squared-root cubature Kalman filter with split-merge scheme for state estimation

The paper deals with state estimation problem of nonlinear non-Gaussian discrete dynamic systems for improvement of accuracy and consistency. An efficient new algorithm called the adaptive Gaussian-sum square-root cubature Kalman filter（AGSSCKF） with a split-merge scheme is proposed. It is developed based on the squared-root extension of newly introduced cubature Kalman filter（SCKF） and is built within a Gaussian-sum framework. Based on the condition that the probability density functions of process noises and initial state are denoted by a Gaussian sum using optimization method, a bank of SCKF are used as the sub-filters to estimate state of system with the corresponding weights respectively, which is adaptively updated. The new algorithm consists of an adaptive splitting and merging procedure according to a proposed split-decision model based on the nonlinearity degree of measurement. The results of two simulation scenarios（one-dimensional state estimation and bearings-only tracking） show that the proposed filter demonstrates comparable performance to the particle filter with significantly reduced computational cost.     

翼身融合布局缩比模型飞行试验动力影响分析

动力系统的进排气效应是影响翼身融合布局飞机俯仰力矩特性和全机纵向配平的重要因素。为了研究动力对全机俯仰力矩的影响,基于飞行动力学方程,提出了一种动力影响计算方法。以某翼身融合布局缩比模型为研究对象,结合风洞试验数据,分析了模型飞行试验中爬升段、平飞段和下降段动力对全机俯仰力矩系数的影响,同时计算了迎角测量误差对俯仰力矩计算结果的影响。分析结果表明:动力使该翼身融合布局缩比模型低头力矩增加,会对全机纵向配平产生不利影响;迎角测量精度对俯仰力矩计算结果有较大影响。     

Identification method for helicopter flight dynamics modeling with rotor degrees of freedom

A comprehensive method based on system identification theory for helicopter flight dynamics modeling with rotor degrees of freedom is developed. A fully parameterized rotor flapping equation for identification purpose is derived without using any theoretical model, so the confidence of the identified model is increased, and then the 6 degrees of freedom rigid body model is extended to 9 degrees of freedom high-order model. Bode sensitivity function is derived to increase the accuracy of frequency spectra calculation which influences the accuracy of model parameter identification. Then a frequency domain identification algorithm is established. Acceleration technique is developed furthermore to increase calculation efficiency, and the total identification time is reduced by more than 50% using this technique. A comprehensive two-step method is established for helicopter high-order flight dynamics model identification which increases the numerical stability of model identification compared with single step algorithm. Application of the developed method to identify the flight dynamics model of BO 105 helicopter based on flight test data is implemented. A comparative study between the high-order model and rigid body model is performed at last. The results show that the developed method can be used for helicopter high-order flight dynamics model identification with high accuracy as well as efficiency, and the advantage of identified high-order model is very obvious compared with low-order model.     

DOA estimation and mutual coupling calibration with the SAGE algorithm

In this paper, a novel algorithm is presented for direction of arrival（DOA） estimation and array self-calibration in the presence of unknown mutual coupling. In order to highlight the relationship between the array output and mutual coupling coefficients, we present a novel model of the array output with the unknown mutual coupling coefficients. Based on this model, we use the space alternating generalized expectation-maximization（SAGE） algorithm to jointly estimate the DOA parameters and the mutual coupling coefficients. Unlike many existing counterparts, our method requires neither calibration sources nor initial calibration information. At the same time,our proposed method inherits the characteristics of good convergence and high estimation precision of the SAGE algorithm. By numerical experiments we demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the existing method for DOA estimation and mutual coupling calibration.     

高超声速飞行器气动布局和轨道优化研究(英文)

提出了高超声速飞行器参数化模型,并在此基础上通过快速、高效的工程方法开展了初步的气动力计算。以类HTV-2布局为对象,开展了以升阻比和容积率为设计目标的气动布局优化研究;以类X-37布局为对象,开展了以航程和驻点总加热量为设计目标的弹道优化设计。采用加权求和的方法求解多目标优化问题。研究表明,通过优化可获得设计目标权重取不同值时的优化结果,各优化结果具有明显的不同,具体将哪一个优化结果作为最终的选择,主要依赖于设计者的需求。     

气核尺寸对气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡的影响

为了研究气核尺寸对气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡的影响,采用水和空气作为模拟介质,开展了室压条件下冷态喷雾试验。通过试验分析了气核尺寸较大时气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡的喷雾形态,与文献中气核尺寸较小时的喷雾形态进行对比发现气核尺寸不同时,该类喷嘴自激振荡的喷雾形态不同,气核尺寸较大时呈"圣诞树"型分布,气核尺寸较小时呈"串"型分布。气核尺寸对气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡的产生机理有显著影响,由于自激振荡产生机理的不同,喷嘴缩进长度对自激振荡的影响也不同,气核尺寸较大时自激振荡频率随着喷嘴缩进长度呈复杂变化特征,气核尺寸较小时喷嘴缩进长度对自激振荡频率没有影响。气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡频率为2~4kHz,与燃烧室一阶振型接近,喷雾自激振荡可能会诱发燃烧室不稳定燃烧。     

基于空间环境下细胞预处理装置的研制

生物样品的分离纯化是生命科学研究中的重要环节。在常规地面分离方法中,往往用到离心、萃取等操作,然而在空间微重力条件下,常规的方法无法进行,需要采用特定的方法和技术进行研究。以实现空间环境下细胞内生物大分子的分离为目标,研制了一种可以自动化一体化的装置,其先对细胞样品进行清洗、裂解并释放内溶物,然后在超滤分离池中将生物大分子和小分子化合物进行分离。通过对分离获得的大分子物质如蛋白质的回收率来优化仪器装置的最佳运行条件。结果表明,所研制的装置通过泵在一定频率下的切换,可使裂解体系在膜上进行反复的往返振动,从而使裂解液与细胞进行充分的接触,有效提高了细胞裂解的程度,提高了大分子蛋白的回收率,并通过条件优化确定了装置的最佳运行条件。     

高超声速风洞多天平测力试验技术研究

在同一次试验中通过安装多台天平测量多个部件气动力,可以更加详细地了解飞行器的气动特性,并可以降低试验成本、提高试验效率。多天平测力技术在亚跨超声速风洞中应用已经非常成熟。但是,在高超声速风洞中,由于模型尺寸小、来流温度高,多天平的布局比较困难,所以目前国内在高超声速风洞中进行的多天平测力试验相对较少。为满足型号研制的需要,在 CARDC 超高速所的Φ1m 高超声速风洞上开展了多天平测力试验技术研究。选取某飞行器的3个控制舵为研究对象。针对试验模型径向尺寸小,而轴向尺寸相对较大的特点,确定采用铰链力矩天平轴线与测量舵转轴互相垂直的“纵轴式”布局方式;采用合理的小型化六分量天平结构形式,升降舵天平测量元件的长、宽、高尺寸为20mm×20mm×25mm;为更加真实地模拟天平的工作状态,设计了专用的加载头,并采用单元加载和组合加载相结合的方法进行校准,校准结果表明,天平主要分量的静校准度均在0．7％以内;在采取温度补偿措施之后,零点漂移明显减小;采用了天平-舵偏角变换装置一体化设计,有效提高了定位和安装精度。在Φ1m 高超声速风洞上开展的 Ma＝5条件下的风洞试验结果表明,采用的多天平测力试验技术是可行的,可以应用到高超声速风洞测力试验中。