大型壁板数控钻铆的三点快速调平算法

 针对传统机翼壁板铆接过程中托架调平所存在的问题，提出一种基于有限曲面加工区域的三点调平算法。利用机翼表面上待钻铆点附近三点的坐标来表征该铆接区域的空间姿态，通过钻铆系统的几何结构模型所确定的坐标变化矩阵，逆解出调平所需的各运动副位移增量。在钻铆系统结构模型和机翼曲面方程的基础上建立三点选取的优化模型，并利用外点罚函数法确定其优化解。西安飞机工业(集团)责任有限公司ARJ21新支线飞机的机翼壁板试验件数控钻铆结果表明，该算法能够实现较高的加工精度和调平效率。     

复合式共轴直升机过渡模式的操纵策略

根据复合式共轴直升机的构型特点,建立了上/下旋翼、机翼、机身、全动平尾、垂尾（含方向舵）和螺旋桨的气动力模型,并在此基础上建立了过渡过程的配平方程.针对过渡飞行过程的操纵冗余问题,分别采用线性过渡和功率最小优化过渡两种过渡飞行方案,对复合式共轴直升机的过渡飞行过程的操纵策略进行了研究.以样例复合式共轴直升机为例,进行了过渡飞行模式下两种操纵策略的配平计算,并对两种过渡操纵策略下的需用功率、操纵量和姿态进行了对比.结果表明:所述两种过渡方案均能解决操纵冗余问题,并能合理给出过渡模式的操纵量和姿态.在操纵量变化的平稳度、飞行控制的难易程度和飞行品质方面,线性过渡方案更优.      

基于推阻平衡的喷管型面截短方法研究及试验验证

出于减小喷管壁面摩擦损失的考虑以及发动机的整体布局的受制,传统推力喷管设计方法得到的理想喷管通常需要进行适当截短。合理的截短方法有助于保持喷管性能,因此,通过壁面单元受力分析并考虑单元体内的推力与阻力关系,提出了一种推阻平衡的喷管截短设计方法。使用上述方法对一个三次曲线型面的三维原始完全膨胀喷管进行截短,使喷管长度减小25%,重量减小34%。通过风洞试验与数值模拟结果对比发现,截短后的喷管推力系数提高1.5%,升力也得到有效提高,验证了此种截短方法的正确性。截短后喷管处于欠膨胀状态,与理论分析得到的最大静推力状态结果相符。     

Multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for emission and cost reductions

Pollutant gases emitted from the civil jet are doing more and more harm to the environ- ment with the rapid development of the global commercial aviation transport. Low environmental impact has become a new requirement for aircraft design. In this paper, estimation method for emis- sion in aircraft conceptual design stage is improved based on the International Civil Aviation Orga- nization （ICAO） aircraft engine emissions databank and the polynomial curve fitting methods. The greenhouse gas emission （CO2 equivalent） per seat per kilometer is proposed to measure the emis- sions. An approximate sensitive analysis and a multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for tradeoff between greenhouse effect and direct operating cost （DOC） are performed with five geom- etry variables of wing configuration and two flight operational parameters. The results indicate that reducing the cruise altitude and Mach number may result in a decrease of the greenhouse effect but an increase of DOC. And the two flight operational parameters have more effects on the emissions than the wing configuration. The Pareto-optimal front shows that a decrease of 29.8% in DOC is attained at the expense of an increase of 10.8% in greenhouse gases.     

Dynamic analysis of C/C composite finger seal

A seal device as an important component of aeroengines has decisive influence on per- formance, reliability, and working life of aeroengines. With the development of aeroengines, demands on the performance characteristics of seal devices are made strictly. Finger seal as a novel kind of sealing device, recently attracts more and more attentions in academic circles and engineer- ing fields at home and abroad. Research on finger seals has been extensively developed, especially on leakage and wear performances under dynamic conditions. However, it is a pity that the work on finger seals has been limited with a single approach that is improving the performance by structural optimization; in addition, the technology of dynamic analysis on finger seals is weak. Aiming at the problems mentioned above, a distributed mass equivalent dynamic model of finger seals considering the coupling effect of overlaid laminates is established in the present paper, the dynamic perfor- mance of 2.5 dimension C/C composite finger seal is analyzed with the model, and then the effects of fiber bundle density and fiber bundle preparation direction on finger seal＇s dynamic performance are discussed, as well as compared with those of Co-based alloy finger seal. The current work is about dynamic analysis of finger seals and application of C/C composite in this paper may have much academic significance and many engineering values for improving research level of finger seal dynamics and exploring feasibility of C/C composite being used for finger seals.     

可信计算之细粒度模糊信任链研究

针对可信计算平台信任链技术的实现,在可信与安全相关性研究基础上,总结了信任链技术中存在的几个值得探讨的问题,对可信与安全的关系、认证链和信任链的区别以及组件划分的粒度等问题进行了分析。提出了一种细粒度模糊信任链模型,对组件划分原则、组件、系统的安全度量方法和信任转移理论进行了深入研究。为可信计算信任问题的研究提供了一个可行的方案,对实际系统可信性和安全性研究具有参考意义。     

Adaptive Gaussian sum squared-root cubature Kalman filter with split-merge scheme for state estimation

The paper deals with state estimation problem of nonlinear non-Gaussian discrete dynamic systems for improvement of accuracy and consistency. An efficient new algorithm called the adaptive Gaussian-sum square-root cubature Kalman filter（AGSSCKF） with a split-merge scheme is proposed. It is developed based on the squared-root extension of newly introduced cubature Kalman filter（SCKF） and is built within a Gaussian-sum framework. Based on the condition that the probability density functions of process noises and initial state are denoted by a Gaussian sum using optimization method, a bank of SCKF are used as the sub-filters to estimate state of system with the corresponding weights respectively, which is adaptively updated. The new algorithm consists of an adaptive splitting and merging procedure according to a proposed split-decision model based on the nonlinearity degree of measurement. The results of two simulation scenarios（one-dimensional state estimation and bearings-only tracking） show that the proposed filter demonstrates comparable performance to the particle filter with significantly reduced computational cost.     

飞行仿真中雷达地形数据库构建关键技术

雷达图像仿真是飞行仿真的重要组成部分,而雷达地形数据库为雷达图像仿真提供基本的数据支持。为构建满足仿真精度与实时性要求的雷达地形数据库,对相关关键技术进行了研究。在分析雷达图像仿真原理的基础上,研究了雷达地形数据库在分布式飞行仿真系统中的应用方式和组成形式。根据所用数据源的不同,对雷达地形建模技术进行了分类,并分析了不同建模方法的优缺点。比较了网格式与多边形式2种数据存储与调度技术的特点和适用性,指出多分辨率表示技术雷达地形建模中的重要性,给出了一种材质数据多分辨率映射的基于材质最大出现概率的子取样方法。对机载雷达实波束地形测绘成像进行了仿真。     

PIV技术在复杂二相流场中的应用

光学元器件随飞行器在大气中飞行时,其工作性能越来越多地受到大气悬浮汇聚微粒的影响。大气微粒在复杂流场中呈现何种运动汇聚效应,对于合理准确评估机载光学元器件的工作效能具有十分重要的工程意义,而复杂气动流场中微粒分布状态的预估一直是飞行器外界环境研究中的一个难点。气动问题的复杂性、大气中微粒的多样性一直是制约各种试验手段展开、数值模型建立的主要因素。利用先进的激光粒子图像技术,在风洞中对舵面旋涡主导的复杂流场中的微粒速度及分布特性进行了实验研究。在测量舵面翼梢脱落旋涡特性的基础上,通过激光片光扫描流场全域,同时高帧频CCD相机同步曝光,利用PIV 拍摄到的流场中涡流截面内微粒分布的瞬态图像。结合图像后处理技术,对原始粒子图像进行互相关、二值化处理,通过对图像区域内的灰度值计算,统计相对流场截面内的粒子浓度系数,得到在复杂旋涡结构流场内瞬态粒子的分布特性规律。研究结果表明,利用大气中微粒在激光片光下的米氏散射原理,可以有效地拍摄到复杂流场结构下粒子光学散射及分布的特性图像,解决了传统环境测试设备无法对复杂条件下流场内粒子分布进行实时测量的缺陷;在旋涡为主导的流场中,大气中的微粒由向心力牵引,在涡核周围达到平衡运动状态,微粒环绕涡核形成一条环状带,这一区域中的粒子浓度系数要远大于自由流场中的微粒,涡核中心粒子呈“空洞”状态。     

柔性热膜剪应力传感器水下测量温度修正

柔性热膜微传感器应用于流体壁面剪应力测量时,流体温度对传感器输出有很大影响,因此有必要对工作在非标定温度下的传感器输出信号进行修正补偿。重点研究了水下测量时传感器输出与水温的关系以及温度修正方法。通过分析传感器过热比和流体物理性质与温度的相关性,建立了流体温度与传感器过热比和标定系数的函数关系。在此基础上,提出了一种用于水下剪应力测量的温度修正方法,可以有效减小水温对传感器输出的影响。经实验验证,该方法可以使工作在25℃、28℃水温环境下的传感器输出值与其20℃标定值的相对误差从23．7％和37．1％回落到0．82％和0．83％。