大气闪烁对近似无衍射激光通信系统的影响

在近似无衍射激光通信系统中,大气湍流的作用导致接收端光强起伏不定,这将对通信系统的误码率产生影响.以光强起伏的概率分布为基础,忽略系统中的其他噪声,推导出折射率结构常数、通信距离和激光波长等影响因素与误码率的关系式.通过计算机模拟,研究了误码率随折射率结构常数的变化规律,讨论了一定湍流强度下通信距离和激光波长对误码率的影响,并以10-9为误码率标准,确定了通信距离的允许范围.结果表明,合理地选择天气和日照条件、减小通信距离以及选择长波长的激光器可以减弱大气湍流对误码率的影响.      

基于投影约束的C臂外参数优化方法

C臂外参数计算是手术导航系统实现图像空间与手术空间映射的关键环节.标记点提取误差将使外参数偏离真值.采用投影方法系统分析选点误差对外参数计算的影响,发现相机光轴方向平移参数收敛性弱、易受误差干扰.利用不同平面上投影距离之比作为约束对线性方法所得外参数进行修正.借鉴二/三维图像配准方法,采用修正后的估计外参数与已标定内参数进行重投影,根据几何方法直接求出外参数修正量,避免反复迭代优化.仿真结果表明,该标定方法对误差具有一定免疫性,能够提高外参数精度.      

基于遗传算法的设备布置优化算法

对设备布置问题,建立了多目标优化数学模型.为弥补当前的现场布置遗传算法在变异阶段的不足,将最优个体变异与随机变异相结合,设计了组合变异策略:首先变异最优个体,如果变异出更优的个体,则用新个体替换当前种群的最差个体;如果最优个体变异不成功,则随机选择一个个体执行随机变异.据此,提出了一种改进的遗传算法用于求解设备布置问题.仿真实验证明了组合变异策略能够在明显较短的时间内,取得与随机变异相当的最优布置结果.对比分析进一步验证了该算法的有效性.     

静稳定裕度对飞翼布局的影响研究

减小配平损失对于提高飞翼布局升阻比和提升飞行控制能力具有重要意义,因此基于离散伴随优化方法研究静稳定裕度对跨音速飞翼布局减阻优化的影响,分别开展10%,0%,-10% 三种静稳定性设计工况的优化研究。采用自由变形（FFD）方法对非结构表面网格进行参数化,以FFD 控制点为设计变量,通过求解流场和伴随方程得到灵敏度信息;采用序列二次规划SQP 算法获得控制点位移的梯度,然后经过多轮迭代得到优化构型。结果表明：在几何厚度和力矩配平的约束下,离散伴随优化方法可以显著提升飞翼布局的最大升阻比,三种工况下最大升阻比提高都在8% 以上;随着静稳定性裕度减小,定升力系数优化的巡航升阻比增量有所减小,当静稳定裕度为10% 时巡航升阻比提高了5.08%。     

Modeling and Optimal Design of Planar Linkage Mechanism of Coupled Joint Clearances for Manufacturing

The uncertainty of the mechanism motion error is mostly caused by the manufacturing process,so the motion error cannot be effectively predicted at the design phase.The problems of manufacturing complexity and the relationship between design and manufacturing are analyzed,and the influence of dimensional tolerance and fit tolerance on the motion accuracy of the system is considered in the design process.Then based on the Monte Carlo simulation,an optimal design model of planar linkage mechanism is set up.A typical offset slider-crank mechanism is used as an illustrative example to carry out the optimal design.Compared with the result of typical robustness design,the similar variation characteristics of the mean value and the standard deviation can be found,so the proposed method is effective.The method is furthermore applied in the optimization of the schemes with different fit tolerances and the prediction of motion errors in the design phase is achieved.A set of quantitative evaluation system for mechanism optimal design is provided.Finally,a basic strategy is presented to balance the motion precision and manufacturing cost.     

Local Path Planning and Tracking Control of Vehicle Collision Avoidance System

Automotive collision avoidance technology can effectively avoid the accidents caused by dangerous traffic conditions or driver's manipulation errors.Moreover,it can promote the development of autonomous driving for intelligent vehicle in intelligent transportation.We present a collision avoidance system,which is composed of an evasive trajectory planner and a path following controller.Considering the stability of the vehicle in the conflict-free process,the evasive trajectory planner is designed by polynomial parametric method and optimized by genetic algorithm.The path following controller is proposed to make the car drive along the designed path by controlling the vehicle's lateral movement.Simulation results show that the vehicle with the proposed controller has good stability in the collision process,and it can ensure the vehicle driving in accordance with the planned trajectory at different speeds.The research results can provide a certain basis for the research and development of automotive collision avoidance technology.     

大气环境对直升机旋翼桨-涡干扰噪声辐射特性的影响

建立了一个适用于旋翼桨-涡干扰气动载荷计算的计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)/自由尾迹耦合模型,为提高计算效率,提出了一种高效的耦合策略进行不同计算域间的信息交换策略。在此基础上,结合基于声类比法的FW-H方程构建了旋翼桨-涡干扰噪声的计算方法。应用所建立的方法,以OLS(Operational loads survey)旋翼为研究对象,深入分析了大气环境对旋翼噪声辐射特性的影响。研究发现:随着飞行高度的增加,旋翼噪声辐射特性发生了明显的改变,逐渐由桨盘前行侧转变为指向桨盘前方,噪声幅值先增大后减小。文中从桨-涡干扰距离、干扰位置变化角度计算分析了大气压力、音速及空气密度等环境参数对旋翼桨-涡干扰噪声辐射特性的影响,并得出了一些有实际意义的影响规律。     

基于最小时间的航线选择问题

针对空中航线选择优化问题,分析了空中交通流的特点。结合航班在航线上等待点空中盘旋的情况,考虑从求解空中飞行时间最短的角度,建立了航线网络中航班最小费用流问题的数学模型,给出了求解这种最小费用流的算法。通过航线网络的简单算例,求出了最佳航线以及相应航线流量,说明了模型和算法的具体应用。     

总经理致辞

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ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL OF TWO-BEAM STRUCTURES

The wave propagation approach is presented to research the active vibration control of two-beam structures.Considering the continuity of the generalized displacement and the equilibrium of the generalized force at the discontinuity,the wave reflection and transmission coefficients are calculated.Wave control is applied somewhere upstream or downstream to two-beam structures.Vibrations of two coupled beams per unit disturbance are investigated.The results show that wave control is efficient,and the influence of the thickness ratio of two-beam structures on control location is discussed.