A regional tropospheric model for airborne GPS applications

A regional tropospheric model can be constructed using surveys from GPS ground networks. Using this model the tropospheric delays of a kinematic station within the region can be interpolated. However, such a model is generally not suitable for an airborne platform high above the ground networks. In this paper, a method of constructing a regional tropospheric model for airborne GPS applications is described. First, the kinematic station in the air is projected onto the ground. Then the tropospheric delays at projected point are interpolated from those of the ground networks. Finally, the tropospheric delays at projected point are extended upward to the airborne platform using pressure and temperature gradients and humidity exponential function. For validation of this method, the data of airborne campaign carried out by BKG in cooperation with GFZ and BGR 2008 in the northern Alps are used. The results show that GPS kinematic positioning precision in height component can be improved using this method.     

Grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient in MQL grinding of high-temperature nickel-base alloy by using different vegetable oils as base oil

Vegetable oil can be used as a base oil in minimal quantity of lubrication(MQL). This study compared the performances of MQL grinding by using castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and palm oil as base oils. A K-P36 numerical-control precision surface grinder was used to perform plain grinding on a workpiece material with a high-temperature nickel base alloy. A YDM–III 99 three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure grinding force,and a clip-type thermocouple was used to determine grinding temperature. The grinding force, grinding temperature, and energy ratio coefficient of MQL grinding were compared among the seven vegetable oil types. Results revealed that(1) castor oil-based MQL grinding yields the lowest grinding force but exhibits the highest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(2) palm oil-based MQL grinding generates the second lowest grinding force but shows the lowest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(3) MQL grinding based on the five other vegetable oils produces similar grinding forces, grinding temperatures, and energy ratio coefficients, with values ranging between those of castor oil and palm oil;(4) viscosity significantly influences grinding force and grinding temperature to a greater extent than fatty acid varieties and contents in vegetable oils;(5) although more viscous vegetable oil exhibits greater lubrication and significantly lower grinding force than less viscous vegetable oil, high viscosity reduces the heat exchange capability of vegetable oil and thus yields a high grinding temperature;(6) saturated fatty acid is a more efficient lubricant than unsaturated fatty acid; and(7) a short carbon chain transfers heat more effectively than a long carbon chain. Palm oil is the optimum base oil of MQL grinding, and this base oil yields 26.98 N tangential grinding force,87.10 N normal grinding force, 119.6 °C grinding temperature, and 42.7% energy ratio coefficient.     

Genetic differentiation induced by spaceflight treatment of Cistanche deserticola and identification of inter-simple sequence repeat markers associated with its medicinal constituent contents

The dried, fleshy stems of Cistanche deserticola (Orobanchaceae) are popular tonics in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat the inability of kidney in expelling extra fluid in the body, causing fluid retention, and reform reproductive system. However, the wild plants of C. deserticola have become endangered due to habitat downsizing and over-harvesting for its medicinal usages. The present research was carried out for the following purposes: (1) promoting the space-breeding research; (2) providing molecular evidence for agricultural selective breeding; and (3) protecting this endangered herbal medicine and conserving its genetic resources.     

Avoid online radiation risk: Theoretical simulation of chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy ions

In this study, we report an easy and quick method on simulating chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy charged particles. The theoretical value of chromosome break was calculated, and validated comparison with experimental value by using premature chromosome condensation technique. A good consistency was found between theoretical and experimental value. This suggested that higher relative biological effectiveness of heavy ions was closely correlated with its physical characteristics. Also, a safe approach on predicting chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy ions at off-line environment can be considered. Furthermore, three key factors influencing the theoretical simulation was investigated and discussed.     

面向机载综合监视系统的ADS-B技术综述

广播式自动相关监视（ADS-B）作为机载综合监视系统（ISS）的新增重要组成部分,在保证飞机飞行安全的前提下,在监视成本和效率方面展现出优势,引领了未来监视技术的发展。本文首先介绍了ADS-B系统功能与优劣势,梳理了国内外技术和产品现状;然后从保障飞行安全和高效的角度出发,分析和综述了机载ISS中ADS-B的关键技术,并详细阐述了技术内涵及难点;最后结合下一代空域运行理念,探讨和展望了技术发展趋势,提出了4个ADS-B技术的未来发展方向,为推动ADS-B技术在实际运行与理论研究方面的发展提供参考。     

冲偏出跑道事件风险影响指标分析

目前对冲偏出跑道风险的研究多基于事故统计数据,较少从飞行数据及飞行操作特征的角度进行分析。基于飞行数据,对冲偏出跑道事件开展风险分析。将飞行数据分为飞行状态、操作指令、信息3 类,以此研究飞机在起飞滑跑、着陆、着陆滑跑3 个阶段的状况及风险影响指标;通过数据所反映的操作特征,结合标准操作程序,推导出飞机偏离正常数据、与标准操作不相符的操作,得到影响正常飞行的风险因素;基于行为安全2-4 模型,建立冲偏出跑道风险评价指标体系,对实际案例的事故致因机理进行研究,着重分析操作特征及人为因素,并提出冲偏出跑道风险防控措施。结果表明：通过对飞行操作特征及飞行参数的分析,从操作类、数据类以及环境类3 个维度建立风险影响指标体系,可以降低指标因素对冲偏出跑道事件的影响;从人、机、环、管方面提出改进措施,可有效降低冲偏出跑道事件发生的概率。     

UHMWPE/PCH复合材料性能研究

采用超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维作增强材料,结构与UHMWPE纤维相似、且对纤维表面具有良好润湿性的全碳氢树脂(PCH)作基体,通过热压成型工艺制备UHMWPE/PCH复合材料,并通过扫描电镜、介电谱仪等方法对复合材料的力学性能、介电性能、吸水、湿热性能及界面粘接性能进行表征.结果表明,UHMwPE/PCH复合材料力学性能良好、介电性能优异、吸水率小、吸湿率低、粘接性能好.