有机高分子絮凝剂处理高浊度原水效果和机理研究

本文研究了有机高分子絮凝剂ＰＡＭ、ＣＴＡＢ及它们的复配ＰＡＭ＋ＣＴＡＢ处理高浊度原水的最佳实验条件、絮凝性能、效果和机理，为有机高分子絮凝剂的选择和管式絮凝器的研制提供了理论依据。     

风洞天平校准的因子法、正交法及单元校

本文证明瑞典航空研究院天平校准用的因子法与我国多元校用的正交法同属正交法。这不仅有助于正确认识这两种方法,而且对多元校实现自动加载会带来方便。从天平静校与风洞实验结果看,用单元校、因子法与正交法对天平校准将具有相同的准确度。本文提出载荷状态变化量并以其为标准来计算三种校准方法的加载量时发现,单元校的载荷状态变化量最少,因而其加载劳动量也最小。但是,单元校时必须重视对静校装置寄生分量的分析,而因子法与正交法则具有对静校装置寄生分量的平均效应。显然,本文的主要论点与国内一般看法不同且有新意,这将有助于对校准方法的研究,同时对静校装置的应用和设计都将会是有益的。     

Using the radial basis function neural network to predict ionospheric critical frequency of F2 layer over Wuhan

Neural networks (NNs) have been applied to ionospheric predictions recently. This paper uses radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) to forecast hourly values of the ionospheric F₂ layer critical frequency(f_oF₂), over Wuhan (30.5N, 114.3E), China. The false nearest neighbor method is used to determine the embedding dimension, and the principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce noise and dimension. The whole study is based on a sample of about 26,000 observations of f_oF₂ with 1-h time resolution, derived during the period from January 1981 to December 1983. The performance of RBF-NN is estimated by calculating the normalized root-mean-squared (NRMSE) error, and its results show that short-term predictions of f_oF₂ are improved.     

An attempt to study long-term variation of sporadic E layers using neural networks

Strong positive correlation between sporadic E layers and the solar activity and the long-term declining trend of Es were found in this paper. Then the feed-forward back propagation neural networks (NNs) were used to simulate the long-term variation of Es at four stations and predict foEs yearly average values. The inputs used for NNs are the yearly mean values of foEs in the daytime of the past ten years and the yearly averaged data of solar 10.7 cm radio flux (F107) of the present year, and the output is the present yearly mean value of daytime foEs. The outputs of trained NNs have high correlation with the desired values and the foEs yearly mean values predicted by NNs have good agreement with the observed data. The results indicate that NNs can make full use of the observed data to simulate the long variation rule of Es. Also, the results confirm the effect of solar activity on Es.     

某水陆两栖飞机机翼和翼梢小翼一体化设计

在前期翼梢小翼外形参数优化工作的基础上,进一步研究和探讨了多级响应面法在机翼和翼梢小翼一体化设计中的应用。采用多级响应面法,数值模拟求解k-湍流模型的N-S方程,同时结合统计学分析方法,提高了计算效率和准确性。以最大升阻比为目标函数,约束升力系数和翼根弯矩系数。共选取了14个外形参数,进行了126次数值模拟试验。优化得到的最大升阻比为21.619。在优化得到的外形参数条件下,直接进行数值模拟试验得到的最大升阻比为21.640,两者相对误差为0.093%。与仅优化翼梢小翼的结果相比,机翼和翼梢小翼一体化设计得到的最大升阻比提高了4.64%,总阻力减少了6.25%,整机的气动性能得到进一步的提升。同时,翼根弯矩系数减少了4.55%,改善了对结构强度的设计限制。     

面向飞机自动化装配的制孔末端执行器的设计

末端执行器是飞机装配的关键部件之一,其性能直接影响到制孔和铆接的质量,突破面向飞机自动化装配的末端执行器结构设计关键技术具有迫切的实际需求。首先,根据行业需求提出了末端执行器的总体结构,并分析了工作原理,在此基础上对末端执行器的主要功能部件进行了设计,最后研制出一套具备制孔、压紧和法向找正的试验样机,试验结果表明,该末端执行器的性能达到了飞机装配的要求。     

高速铣削系统稳定性动态优化新方法

考虑铣削过程中的自激振动和强迫振动,基于延迟微分方程的稳定性判定准则和强迫振动共振区的半带宽理论,提出一种铣削系统稳定性动态优化新方法.该方法通过选择切削参数和修改系统结构参数,在保证加工表面精度的前提下,获得大的稳定性材料去除率.其目标函数是材料去除率,约束条件是铣削过程稳定且非共振,动态优化变量是铣削系统的切削参数和结构参数.优化程序被阐明,实例分析结果显示,系统在稳定非共振条件下,加工时的材料去除率相比于优化前提高了18.86%.另外,为获得最大的稳定材料去除率和较好的表面精度,在铣削系统优化过程中,应同时考虑颤振稳定性和共振的影响.     

月球着陆器着陆性能及多因素影响分析

以某型号月球着陆器铝蜂窝缓冲软着陆腿为对象,研究了月球着陆器月面软着陆性能.采用非线性有限元方法,建立了月壤和着陆腿结构有限元模型,进行了单腿着陆冲击非线性动力学仿真分析,将仿真结果与试验及多刚体系统动力学分析结果比较.文中还研究了月壤模型和主辅支柱结构弹性对月球着陆器着陆性能的影响.结果表明:非线性有限元分析结果与实验结果吻合较好,优于多刚体系统动力学分析结果;着陆腿主支柱的结构弹性对着陆性能影响较大;月壤有限元模型的离散化对分析结果有一定影响.     

设计敏度在气动弹性遗传优化中的应用

利用遗传算法和遗传/敏度混合优化算法对某复合材料机翼进行气动弹性优化设计研究,并提出在使用这两种算法时根据设计敏度信息计算设计变量的重要性指标、从而确定主要和次要设计变量、进而调整设计变量变化域的方法,以提高算法的寻优效率.研究表明:设计变量变化域的定义直接影响遗传算法和遗传/敏度混合优化算法的寻优效率,特别是单独使用遗传算法时影响程度更大;定义时应该在确保设计空间包含足够的优秀可行解的前提下,尽可能地缩减搜索空间.所提出的基于设计敏度调整设计变量变化域的方法在实际应用中能取得较好的效果:该方法既能明显提高遗传算法和遗传/敏度混合优化算法的搜索效率,又能显著增强两种算法辨识可行域的能力.      

Two-Way-Coupling Method for Rapid Aerothermoelastic Analyses of Hypersonic Wings

Several types of coupling methods for resolving aerothermoelastic problems associated with hypersonic wings are summarized,and the appropriate coupling methods for engineering calculations are selected.Then,the calculation and analysis methods for the subdisciplines in this field are introduced,and the time step issue is discussed.A two-way-coupling rapid static aerothermoelastic method for analyzing hypersonic wings is proposed.This method considers thermal effects and is used to conduct an aerothermoelastic response analysis for a hypersonic wing.In addition,the aerodynamic force,heat flux,structural deformation and temperature field are obtained.The following three conclusions are drawn.First,the heating effect has a significant impact on the static aeroelastic response of hypersonic wings;therefore,thermal protection shields are essential.Second,the application of thermal protection shields reduces the differences in the calculation results between the one-and two-way-coupling methods.Third,hypersonic wings exhibit large thermal deformation under high-temperature environments,and in certain cases,the thermal deformation is even larger than the deformation caused by aerodynamic force.