教学评价系统的前端--测评器开发技术

本文重点介绍了教学评价系统的前端测评器的软硬件开发技术。测评器主要由三部分组成：1、客户端（AT89C51）；2、主控端（AT89C52）；3、计算机端（VC＋＋编写界面）。主控端通过串行总线与所有客户端通信。读入客户端数据存放在主控端的RAM中。主控端与计算机ISA总线相连，将主控端RAM中的数据送到计算机中去，然后由VC＋＋处理数据，最后计算机以文字、图形、声音的形式反映各个客户端的信息。测评器主要应用于中小学课堂、娱乐、投票、选举等方面，实现选择及抢答等功能。     

Leakage performance of floating ring seal in cold/hot state for aero-engine

Rotating experimental investigations were carried out to study the oil sealing capability of two different floating ring seals in cold/hot state for aero-engine. High-speed Floating Ring Seal(HFRS) is a seal with the inner diameter of 83.72 mm and maximum speed of 38000 r/min, and Low-speed Floating Ring Seal(LFRS) is another seal with the inner diameter of 40.01 mm and maximum speed of 18000 r/min. In hot state, sealing air with the temperature of 371 K and oil with the temperature of 343 K was employed to model the working conditions of an aero-engine. Comparisons between floating ring seal and labyrinth seal were done to inspect the leakage performance.More attention was paid to the critical pressure ratio where the oil leakage began. Results show that the critical pressure ratio in cold state is obviously larger than that in hot state for both seals. An underlying sealing mechanism for floating ring seal is clarified by the fluid film, which closely associates with the dimensionless parameter of clearance over rotating diameter(2 c/Dr). Another fantastic phenomenon is that the leakage coefficient in hot state, not the leakage magnitude, is unexpectedly larger than that in cold state. Overall, the leakage performance of the floating ring seal is better than the labyrinth seal.     

战术导弹的一种自校正控制

本文探讨自校正控制理论在战术导弹控制中的应用。采用一种渐近的最小方差自校正控制方案设计导弹自动驾驶仪回路。该方案通过设计自校正控制器的极点和可调增益,使控制器稳定,并能兼顾闭环系统的动态特性,也可使输出方差趋于最小。在两种参考输入信号情况下进行仿真,结果表明,与经典控制情况相比,该方案具有较强的抑制干扰能力,能克服参数变化对系统控制性能的影响,提高了系统的跟踪性能。     

热流限制下的最优气动力辅助变轨

以变轨能量消耗最小为优化目标，应用极大值原理研究了飞行过程受热流限制和升力系统约束下的气动力辅助共面变轨问题，飞行过程成分第一自由弧段，约束弧段，第二自由弧段三个部分，讨论了升力系数的最优表达式，分析了飞行过程中两种约束的相互作用，给出了约束弧起始位置的角点条件和终端的横截条件下，对不同的初值选取方法讨论了三种计算策略，并给出了数值算例。     

Numerical study on flow fields and aerodynamics of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode based on embedded grid and actuator model

A method combining rotor actuator disk model and embedded grid technique is presented in this paper, aimed at predicting the flow fields and aerodynamic characteristics of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode more efficiently and effectively. In this method, rotor's influence is considered in terms of the momentum it impacts to the fluid around it; transformation matrixes among different coordinate systems are deduced to extend actuator method's utility to conversion mode flow fields' calculation. Meanwhile, an embedded grid system is designed, in which grids generated around fuselage and actuator disk are regarded as background grid and minor grid respectively, and a new method is presented for ‘donor searching' and ‘hole cutting' during grid assembling. Based on the above methods, flow fields of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode are simulated, with threedimensional Navier–Stokes equations discretized by a second-order upwind finite-volume scheme and an implicit lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel(LU-SGS) time-stepping scheme. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed CFD method is very effective in simulating the conversion mode flow fields of tilt rotor aircraft.     

水凝物对THz波辐射的衰减研究

文章基于水凝物粒子尺寸与THz波长的大小关系,分别利用Rayleigh近似、Mie理论以及几何光学方法计算了降雨和云雾引起THz波辐射的散射衰减。比较了不同强度的降雨和不同能见度、含水量的云雾对THz波的散射衰减。结果表明,随着频率的增大,THz波段雨衰减先增大后减小;在整个THz波段,含水量较小或能见度较低的云雾的衰减随频率的增大而单调增加,含水量较大或能见度较大的云雾的衰减随频率先增大后减小;在THz波段云雾衰减随能见度的减小和含水量的增加而增大,温度对THz波段的云雾衰减影响不大,在整个THz波段并不存在明显的规律。在THz波频率高端云雾影响较降雨要严重的多。     

一种星-箭连接动态界面力的深度学习反演方法

针对于星-箭连接动态界面力无法通过力传感器直接测量,且典型时域动载反演方法难以准确计算界面力的时域变化等难点,提出了基于长短时记忆(LSTM)神经网络的星-箭界面力深度学习反演方法。首先通过卫星地面测试试验得到数据依据,以卫星主体结构的加速度测量数据为输入层,以星-箭界面力测量数据为输出层,利用LSTM神经网络建立输入和输出间的反演映射关系模型,实现卫星在发射过程中较高精度的界面力反演。进而,设计并开展了某典型卫星结构的正弦扫频和随机振动实验,测试LSTM界面力反演方法的可行性。结果分析可知,所提出的基于LSTM深度学习反演方法能够精确地获得动态界面力时程数据,两项性能指标均优于目前典型的载荷反演方法。     

基于无网格算法的化学非平衡流数值模拟

为了验证AUSMPW+格式在无网格算法的精度等以及无网格算法能否用于复杂化学非平衡流数值模拟中,首先将AUSMPW+格式推广到无网格算法中,给出了AUSMPW+在无网格算法中的具体形式。其次,将无网格算法应用于带化学反应的多组分气体Euler方程的求解,给出无网格条件下求解化学非平衡流的具体过程。最后,对NACA0012跨声速绕流场、高超声速弹丸绕流场、氢气/氧气诱导燃烧流场、球锥高超声速绕流场、楔体斜爆轰流场进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果与相关文献计算结果和实验结果吻合较好,表明了AUSMPW+格式在无网格算法中表现较高精度。同时,采用无网格算法能较好地模拟复杂化学非平衡流场,正确分辨复杂的物理现象,为化学非平衡流数值模拟提供一种新的算法,拓宽了无网格算法的应用范围。     

端壁附面层抽吸对对转压气机性能的影响

以双级对转压气机为研究对象,通过在两排转子机匣处开设抽吸孔,采用数值方法研究了不同抽吸流量下端壁附面层抽吸对压气机性能的影响,为吸附式压气机优化设计提供参考。计算结果表明:在级环境下端壁附面层抽吸可以提升压气机失速裕度,但抽吸流量过大会对效率造成一定损失,当抽吸1.6%流量时失速裕度提升了3.8%,压气机性能达到最佳;失速主要由间隙泄漏涡引起并首先在第二排转子叶尖发生,抽吸削弱了泄漏涡的强度推迟失速发生;端壁附面层抽吸增大了叶尖流通能力,使转子叶尖效率和压比得到提升,并有效改善了出口导叶流场。     

三维内转式进气道对双旁进气飞行器力矩特性的影响分析

为了研究三维内转式进气道对飞行器力矩特性的影响规律,对一系列设计状态为Ma=6.5的内转式进气道展开力矩特性研究。对不同布局形式,进气形式以及基准流场中心体的内转式进气道对飞行器力矩特性的影响展开分析研究。研究结果表明,对于内转式进气道而言,有连接板的水滴型进气道双侧布局力矩特性较优,且容易满足飞行器总体需求;布局形式对进气道的力矩特性影响最显著,进气形式对侧滑力矩的影响比基准流场中心体影响更明显,而抬头力矩和滚转力矩受基准流场中心体影响更加突出;中心体在0~0.1Rs(Rs为基准流场入口半径)变化时,抬头力矩变化不大,而在0.1~0.2Rs抬头力矩变化明显。