基本公共服务均等化研究现状与展望

基本公共服务均等化概念一经提出,迅速成为学术界研究的热点之一。学者主要从宏观社会政策、社会公正、公共财政等视角对基本公共服务均等化的内涵、供给问题、供给内容与途径等方面进行了研究。完善社会政策、注重社会公正、合理重构公共财政体制是公共服务均等化的必要途径。目前基本公共服务供给协调机制尤其是激励机制的研究亟待加强,基本公共服务均等化与大部制改革研究有待推进和深化。     

主控格栅反射器基体结构/压电作动器参数集成优化设计

为提高反射器形面控制能力和减小在轨热变形，本文以锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷(PZT)驱动的主控格栅反射器为研究对象，开展反射器基体结构和PZT压电作动器参数的集成优化设计研究。首先，建立主控格栅反射器有限元模型并通过实验验证了有限元模型的正确性。然后，以形面控制能力最大和热变形最小为目标函数，以设计变量上限、下限和结构基频为约束，采用遗传算法(GA)和非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA II)求解。最后，给出多个仿真算例的优化结果。仿真结果表明，控制能力最大的单目标优化，其热变形远大于控制能力，多目标的帕累托(Pareto)最优前沿可以给出更合理的设计方案。通过优化设计可以显著提高形面控制能力和减小热变形。     

对高校在校生学年电子注册与学籍管理的思考

在校生学年电子注册制度,是教育部继实施高等教育毕业证书电子注册制度和普通高校入学新生学籍电子注册制度之后的又一项重要举措.论文对学年电子注册工作的特殊性、实施过程和对学籍管理人员的要求进行了分析,并给出了建议.认为学年电子注册是学籍学历电子注册工作的补充,有利于促进高等教育改革,是保证高等教育质量的基础性工作,同时,它也对学籍管理工作提出了新要求.     

教学评价系统的前端--测评器开发技术

本文重点介绍了教学评价系统的前端测评器的软硬件开发技术。测评器主要由三部分组成：1、客户端（AT89C51）；2、主控端（AT89C52）；3、计算机端（VC＋＋编写界面）。主控端通过串行总线与所有客户端通信。读入客户端数据存放在主控端的RAM中。主控端与计算机ISA总线相连，将主控端RAM中的数据送到计算机中去，然后由VC＋＋处理数据，最后计算机以文字、图形、声音的形式反映各个客户端的信息。测评器主要应用于中小学课堂、娱乐、投票、选举等方面，实现选择及抢答等功能。     

Leakage performance of floating ring seal in cold/hot state for aero-engine

Rotating experimental investigations were carried out to study the oil sealing capability of two different floating ring seals in cold/hot state for aero-engine. High-speed Floating Ring Seal(HFRS) is a seal with the inner diameter of 83.72 mm and maximum speed of 38000 r/min, and Low-speed Floating Ring Seal(LFRS) is another seal with the inner diameter of 40.01 mm and maximum speed of 18000 r/min. In hot state, sealing air with the temperature of 371 K and oil with the temperature of 343 K was employed to model the working conditions of an aero-engine. Comparisons between floating ring seal and labyrinth seal were done to inspect the leakage performance.More attention was paid to the critical pressure ratio where the oil leakage began. Results show that the critical pressure ratio in cold state is obviously larger than that in hot state for both seals. An underlying sealing mechanism for floating ring seal is clarified by the fluid film, which closely associates with the dimensionless parameter of clearance over rotating diameter(2 c/Dr). Another fantastic phenomenon is that the leakage coefficient in hot state, not the leakage magnitude, is unexpectedly larger than that in cold state. Overall, the leakage performance of the floating ring seal is better than the labyrinth seal.     

热流限制下的最优气动力辅助变轨

以变轨能量消耗最小为优化目标，应用极大值原理研究了飞行过程受热流限制和升力系统约束下的气动力辅助共面变轨问题，飞行过程成分第一自由弧段，约束弧段，第二自由弧段三个部分，讨论了升力系数的最优表达式，分析了飞行过程中两种约束的相互作用，给出了约束弧起始位置的角点条件和终端的横截条件下，对不同的初值选取方法讨论了三种计算策略，并给出了数值算例。     

水凝物对THz波辐射的衰减研究

文章基于水凝物粒子尺寸与THz波长的大小关系,分别利用Rayleigh近似、Mie理论以及几何光学方法计算了降雨和云雾引起THz波辐射的散射衰减。比较了不同强度的降雨和不同能见度、含水量的云雾对THz波的散射衰减。结果表明,随着频率的增大,THz波段雨衰减先增大后减小;在整个THz波段,含水量较小或能见度较低的云雾的衰减随频率的增大而单调增加,含水量较大或能见度较大的云雾的衰减随频率先增大后减小;在THz波段云雾衰减随能见度的减小和含水量的增加而增大,温度对THz波段的云雾衰减影响不大,在整个THz波段并不存在明显的规律。在THz波频率高端云雾影响较降雨要严重的多。     

一种星-箭连接动态界面力的深度学习反演方法

针对于星-箭连接动态界面力无法通过力传感器直接测量,且典型时域动载反演方法难以准确计算界面力的时域变化等难点,提出了基于长短时记忆(LSTM)神经网络的星-箭界面力深度学习反演方法。首先通过卫星地面测试试验得到数据依据,以卫星主体结构的加速度测量数据为输入层,以星-箭界面力测量数据为输出层,利用LSTM神经网络建立输入和输出间的反演映射关系模型,实现卫星在发射过程中较高精度的界面力反演。进而,设计并开展了某典型卫星结构的正弦扫频和随机振动实验,测试LSTM界面力反演方法的可行性。结果分析可知,所提出的基于LSTM深度学习反演方法能够精确地获得动态界面力时程数据,两项性能指标均优于目前典型的载荷反演方法。     

Mercury’s Weather-Beaten Surface: Understanding Mercury in the Context of Lunar and Asteroidal Space Weathering Studies

Mercury’s regolith, derived from the crustal bedrock, has been altered by a set of space weathering processes. Before we can interpret crustal composition, it is necessary to understand the nature of these surface alterations. The processes that space weather the surface are the same as those that form Mercury’s exosphere (micrometeoroid flux and solar wind interactions) and are moderated by the local space environment and the presence of a global magnetic field. To comprehend how space weathering acts on Mercury’s regolith, an understanding is needed of how contributing processes act as an interactive system. As no direct information (e.g., from returned samples) is available about how the system of space weathering affects Mercury’s regolith, we use as a basis for comparison the current understanding of these same processes on lunar and asteroidal regoliths as well as laboratory simulations. These comparisons suggest that Mercury’s regolith is overturned more frequently (though the characteristic surface time for a grain is unknown even relative to the lunar case), more than an order of magnitude more melt and vapor per unit time and unit area is produced by impact processes than on the Moon (creating a higher glass content via grain coatings and agglutinates), the degree of surface irradiation is comparable to or greater than that on the Moon, and photon irradiation is up to an order of magnitude greater (creating amorphous grain rims, chemically reducing the upper layers of grains to produce nanometer-scale particles of metallic iron, and depleting surface grains in volatile elements and alkali metals). The processes that chemically reduce the surface and produce nanometer-scale particles on Mercury are suggested to be more effective than similar processes on the Moon. Estimated abundances of nanometer-scale particles can account for Mercury’s dark surface relative to that of the Moon without requiring macroscopic grains of opaque minerals. The presence of nanometer-scale particles may also account for Mercury’s relatively featureless visible–near-infrared reflectance spectra. Characteristics of material returned from asteroid 25143 Itokawa demonstrate that this nanometer-scale material need not be pure iron, raising the possibility that the nanometer-scale material on Mercury may have a composition different from iron metal [such as (Fe,Mg)S]. The expected depletion of volatiles and particularly alkali metals from solar-wind interaction processes are inconsistent with the detection of sodium, potassium, and sulfur within the regolith. One plausible explanation invokes a larger fine fraction (grain size <45 μm) and more radiation-damaged grains than in the lunar surface material to create a regolith that is a more efficient reservoir for these volatiles. By this view the volatile elements detected are present not only within the grain structures, but also as adsorbates within the regolith and deposits on the surfaces of the regolith grains. The comparisons with findings from the Moon and asteroids provide a basis for predicting how compositional modifications induced by space weathering have affected Mercury’s surface composition.     

基于无网格算法的化学非平衡流数值模拟

为了验证AUSMPW+格式在无网格算法的精度等以及无网格算法能否用于复杂化学非平衡流数值模拟中,首先将AUSMPW+格式推广到无网格算法中,给出了AUSMPW+在无网格算法中的具体形式。其次,将无网格算法应用于带化学反应的多组分气体Euler方程的求解,给出无网格条件下求解化学非平衡流的具体过程。最后,对NACA0012跨声速绕流场、高超声速弹丸绕流场、氢气/氧气诱导燃烧流场、球锥高超声速绕流场、楔体斜爆轰流场进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果与相关文献计算结果和实验结果吻合较好,表明了AUSMPW+格式在无网格算法中表现较高精度。同时,采用无网格算法能较好地模拟复杂化学非平衡流场,正确分辨复杂的物理现象,为化学非平衡流数值模拟提供一种新的算法,拓宽了无网格算法的应用范围。