基于弹体表面吹气的埋入式进气道性能改善

针对埋入式进气道进口处吸入了大量的弹身边界层低能流而导致的总压恢复系数较低,出口流场畸变较大的问题,提出了一种基于弹体表面吹气的埋入式进气道流场控制概念,并采用数值仿真先对不带进气道的纯弹身模型进行了边界层控制研究,而后进一步对完整的进气道/弹身模型进行了仿真分析,获得了吹气控制措施对埋入式进气道流动结构和工作性能的影响特性.结果表明:合适的吹气方案确实能够有效地吹除部分弹身边界层,改善埋入式进气道进口前的边界层状况及内通道流态,提高其总压恢复系数并降低出口流场畸变.设计状态下埋入式进气道的总压恢复系数提高了1.5%,畸变指数降低了6.6%.      

爆震发动机超声速进气道的非定常耦合流场数值研究

采用带化学反应的非定常数值仿真方法,对爆震发动机(PDE)内进气道、燃烧室、尾喷管的耦合流场进行了分析,并着重研究了爆震压力波及其反射波对超声速进气道内流动结构的非定常干扰过程,对比了3种进气道/燃烧室耦合方式下进气道流动特性的差异.结果表明:通过在燃烧室内填充以化学恰当比预混的燃料和氧化剂,数值仿真可获得稳定自持的爆震波.在爆震波压强作用下所产生的结尾波系和反射激波会发生耦合干扰作用,它们在流道内的运动传播影响了结尾波系的前传幅度.通过对比不同进气道/燃烧室耦合方式的流场特征发现:采用突扩式进气道/燃烧室连接段可利用燃烧室头部固壁的阻碍以及其对爆震高压波的反射作用将大部分的压缩气体存储于燃烧室内,进而减弱进气道与燃烧室之间的耦合干扰作用,对提高进气道的工作稳定性有利.另外,内凹式燃烧室头部段的引入还为压缩气体提供了额外的存储空间,故可以进一步缓冲爆震高压,提高进气道的稳定工作裕度.      

某气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机进气道流动特性研究

 对某气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)亚声速进气道进行了试验和数值仿真研究,分析了该进气道在冷流条件和点火条件下的流场结构和工作特性.结果表明,在冷流条件下,通道内整流锥上游的流动较顺畅,无可见分离存在.但在点火条件下,爆震波的干扰使得进气道出口的压强呈周期性振荡,其峰值压力达300 kPa以上.由于气动阀并没有起到有效的隔离作用,爆震波在进气道出口平面形成的压力扰动会逐渐向上游传播,并在2 ms内越过气动阀,导致进气道进口出现了高速整体倒流,其倒流时间占据了约半个周期,且瞬时倒流马赫数最大可达到0.8.本文还对冷流条件和点火条件下的进气道流场进行了数值模拟,仿真较好地模拟出了该进气道的试验条件,且进气道内流动与试验基本一致.非定常仿真结果进一步表明了该进气道在爆震高压扰动下会出现整体高速倒流的现象.由于进气道进口的瞬时倒流形成了较大的反向冲量,对爆震发动机的推力特性极为不利,故必须在下一步的研究中对气动阀进行改进.     

轴对称激波诱导矢量喷管三维两相流数值模拟

运用颗粒轨道模型对轴对称激波诱导矢量喷管内流场进行了数值模拟,并与纯气相条件下的计算结果进行了对比分析,研究了1～30μm不同直径颗粒的运动轨迹和内流场参数的分布特征,并对矢量喷管的推力性能进行了研究。结果表明,颗粒相的加入对射流推力矢量喷管内流场和推力性能都带来很大影响,影响规律与颗粒直径密切相关。为两相流条件下射流矢量喷管的试验研究提供了一定依据。     

Static Pull and Push Bending Properties of RTM-made TWF Composite Tee-joints

This paper deals with static pull and push bending tests on two-dimensional (2D) orthogonal EW220/5284 twill weave fabric (TWF) composite tee-joints processed with the resin transfer moulding (RTM) technique. Static pull and push bending properties are determined and failure initiation mechanism is deduced from experimental observations. The experiments show that the failure initiation load, on average, is greater for push bending than for pull bending, whereas the scatter is smaller for push bending than for pull bending. The failure mode of RTM-made tee-joints in pull bending tests can be reckoned to be characteristic of debonding of resin matrix at the interface between the triangular resin-rich zone and the curved web of tee-joint until complete separation of the curved web from the bottom plate. In contrast, as distinct from the products subject to pull bending loading, the RTM tee-joints in push bending tests experience matrix cracking and fibre fracture from outer layers to inner layers of the bottom plate until catastrophic collapse resulting from the bending. Three-dimensional finite element (FE) models are presented to simulate the load transfer path and failure initiation mechanism of RTM-made TWF composite tee-joint based on the maximum stress criterion. Good correlation between experimental and numerical results is achieved.     

Adaptive Fuzzy Torque Control of Passive Torque Servo Systems Based on Small Gain Theorem and Input-to-state Stability

Passive torque servo system (PTSS) simulates aerodynamic load and exerts the load on actuation system, but PTSS endures position coupling disturbance from active motion of actuation system, and this inherent disturbance is called extra torque. The most important issue for PTSS controller design is how to eliminate the influence of extra torque. Using backstepping technique, adaptive fuzzy torque control (AFTC) algorithm is proposed for PTSS in this paper, which reflects the essential characteristics of PTSS and guarantees transient tracking performance as well as final tracking accuracy. Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy logic system is utilized to compensate parametric uncertainties and unstructured uncertainties. The output velocity of actuator identified model is introduced into AFTC aiming to eliminate extra torque. The closed-loop stability is studied using small gain theorem and the control system is proved to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. The proposed AFTC algorithm is applied to an electric load simulator (ELS), and the comparative experimental results indicate that AFTC controller is effective for PTSS.     

多级轴流压气机级间性能试验研究

对某多级轴流压气机级间性能进行试验研究,详细分析了该压气机在设计角度与优化角度下,不同工况时的性能特性(包括各级做功能力、级压比和不稳定边界变化规律等)和级间匹配情况。研究结果表明,在非设计状态下各级匹配可以进一步优化、改进设计;进口静叶角度变化会改变压气机的级负荷分配和级不稳定边界位置,影响压气机不稳定边界移动。建议适当开大一、二级静叶角度,以改善二、三级转子流场,提高其性能;同时,应在不影响整台压气机不稳定边界的情况下进行静叶角度优化。     

Influence of Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 Co-doping on Phase Stability,Thermo-physical Properties and Sintering of 8YSZ

The role of multicomponent rare earth oxides in phase stability, thermophysical properties and sintering for ZrO2-based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) materials is investigated. 8YSZ codoped with 3 mol% Gd2O3 and 3 mol% Yb2O3 (GYb-YSZ) powders are synthesized by solid state reaction for 24 h at various temperatures. As temperature increases, stabilizers are dissolved into zirconia matrix gradually. Synthesized at 1 500 °C, GYb-YSZ is basically composed of cubic phase. GYb-YSZ exhibits excellent phase stability and sinters lower than 8YSZ by nearly three times. The thermal conductivity of GYb-YSZ is much lower than that of 8YSZ, and the thermal expansion coefficient of GYb-YSZ is comparable to that of 8YSZ. The influence of Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 co-doping on phase stability, thermal conductivity and sintering of 8YSZ is discussed.     

Robust Control for Static Loading of Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator with Friction Compensation

Load simulator is a key test equipment for aircraft actuation systems in hardware-in-the-loop-simulation. Static loading is an essential function of the load simulator and widely used in the static/dynamic stiffness test of aircraft actuation systems. The tracking performance of the static loading is studied in this paper. Firstly, the nonlinear mathematical models of the hydraulic load simulator are derived, and the feedback linearization method is employed to construct a feed-forward controller to improve the force tracking performance. Considering the effect of the friction, a LuGre model based friction compensation is synthesized, in which the unmeasurable state is estimated by a dual state observer via a controlled learning mechanism to guarantee that the estimation is bounded. The modeling errors are attenuated by a well-designed robust controller with a control accuracy measured by a design parameter. Employing the dual state observer is to capture the different effects of the unmeasured state and hence can improve the friction compensation accuracy. The tracking performance is summarized by a derived theorem. Experimental results are also obtained to verify the high performance nature of the proposed control strategy.     

Time-triggered State-machine Reliable Software Architecture for Micro Turbine Engine Control

Time-triggered (TT) embedded software pattern is well accepted in aerospace industry for its high reliability. Fi-nite-state-machine (FSM) design method is widely used for its high efficiency and predictable behavior. In this paper, the time-triggered and state-machine combination software architecture is implemented for a 25 kg thrust micro turbine engine (MTE) used for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system; also model-based-design development workflow for airworthiness software directive DO-178B is utilized. Experimental results show that time-triggered state-machine software architecture and development method could shorten the system development time, reduce the system test cost and make the turbine engine easily comply with the airworthiness rules.