变截面悬臂梁结构动载荷辨识方法

在航空航天领域，作用在结构上动载荷的确定对结构健康监测是非常必要和重要的。为此，本文以类似机翼结构的变截面悬臂梁结构为研究对象，提出了一种基于光纤光栅传感器与卡尔曼滤波器的动载荷识别方法。首先，根据变截面梁单元形式，推导出变截面梁的质量矩阵与刚度矩阵，建立动力学运动方程。然后，以光纤光栅传感器测得的应变信息作为观测信号，通过卡尔曼滤波器生成的增益矩阵、新息序列矩阵以及协方差矩阵，得到灵敏度矩阵和估计力的增益矩阵。在此基础上，利用广义回归模型及其最小二乘算法，估算出动载荷大小、判断出动载荷激励位置。借助数值仿真与实验手段，分别验证了该方法对于单点正弦激励、方波激励、锯齿波激励以及多点同时激励等工况下的动载荷识别效果。结果表明，本文所提算法具有较好的动载荷识别效果和噪声抑制能力，能够为未来风洞试验和真实飞行试验环境中诸如大展弦比机翼表面气动压力等载荷实时辨识、气动外形自适应控制以及结构健康监测提供技术支撑。     

Monthly trends in temporal and spatial distribution of Ionospheric Irregularities across the African region during the descending phase of solar cycle 24

Ionospheric irregularities are well-known phenomena associated with ionospheric scintillation. These irregularities comprise steep electron density gradients in the equatorial F region some 1 to 2 h after sunset in regions close to the geomagnetic equator. Using the IGS network of GNSS receivers spread across the low-latitude region over the African sector, we present the monthly trends in ionospheric irregularity activity levels based on Rate of TEC Index (ROTI) during the declining phase of solar 24. The monthly trends are statistically represented by counts of the night time ROTI values exceeding a threshold of 0.4 TECU/min. A clear trend emerges on the irregularity occurrence across the African sector: during the first four months of the year, the irregularity occurrence is highly pronounced on the western side of the region. The irregularity occurrence then shifts to the eastern side during the months of May, June, July, and August. During the last four months of the year, the irregularity occurrence is again more intense on the western side of Africa than on the eastern side. The occurrence of irregularity structures on only one side of the region during a given night is an unusual feature reported here for the first time.     

Command filtered sliding mode trajectory tracking control for unmanned airships based on RBFNN approximation

This paper presents two sliding mode controllers to address the trajectory tracking problem of unmanned airships in the presence of unknown wind disturbance. The sliding mode controller proposed first is designed by a fast power rate reaching law(FPRRL). The disturbance is compensated by a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). To avoid the aggressive adaptation, the controller is augmented by a command filter. The controller provides good robustness and tracking performance with no chattering under the hypothesis of ideal wind field. However, serious chattering occurs when simulation is performed under discontinuous wind field. To simulate the wind in practice, the wind field employed in the simulation is generated by the combination of a constant field and white noise. The controller is improved subsequently with an extended model to suppress the chattering induced by the white noise. The enhanced controller manipulates the derivation of system input, thus attenuating the chattering. Stability analysis shows that both controllers drive the tracking error into a controllable small region near zero. Simulations are provided to validate the performance of the proposed controllers under different wind hypothesis.     

三角形截面高柔结构横风向振动的风洞试验研究

本文介绍了正三角形截面高柔结构模型在均匀流场和湍流场中三种迎角下的横风向风振响应风洞试验结果，分析了三角形截面高柔结构的横风向涡激振动现象与驰振危险性，获得了一些数据和结论。     

基于ANCF的松弛绳索动力学建模与仿真

传统绝对节点坐标方法(ANCF)绳索模型是基于梁单元建立的,其不能反映纤维绳索的不可抗压和松弛特性。考虑纤维绳索初始松弛余量,给出了绳索非线性轴向应力-应变关系。绳索在松弛状态下轴向力接近于零,在张紧状态下表现出线弹性特性。在此基础上,采用绝对节点坐标方法推导了松弛绳索动力学模型。通过静力学和动力学仿真,将传统绳索模型和松弛绳索模型进行对比,结果表明:在重力及不同集中载荷作用下,松弛绳索相比于传统绳索都具有更大的变形;分析移除集中载荷后绳索的动力学响应可知,传统绳索在振动过程中始终处于张紧状态,且绳索上各点振动同步,而松弛绳索会在张紧和松弛状态之间不断转换,绳索上各点的振动存在相位差,能够更好地反映绳索在松弛状态下的动力学特性。     

面心立方合金调幅分解与有序化的X射线和透射电镜衍射研究

在点阵波理论基础上，通过假定合金中溶质原子浓度的适当分布并建立与之相应的衍射波波幅表达式，利用计算机模拟得面心立方（Ｃｕ－４ｗ ｔ％ Ｔｉ）合金调幅（Ｓｐｉｎｏｄａｌ）分解与有序化共存的Ｘ射线衍射边带形貌，其波形与实验结果颇为相近。进一步根据迭加原理在两相互垂直方向上对上述衍射边带合成，所得有序化模拟衍射花样与电镜衍射谱完全一致     

铝合金高速铣削温度的动态测量

用红外辐射测温技术对铝合金铣削温度进行了间接、近似、直观的测量,获得了高速铣削研究所必需的温度数据,并测出铣床主轴转速为7500r/min左右时切削温度达到最高临界值.     

论完善统筹城乡的公共就业服务体系——以包容性增长为视角

目前中国正处在初步小康向全面小康社会的过渡阶段、从生存型社会向发展型社会转变的关键时期,同中国社会经济持续高速发展相比较,中国的劳动力市场发展相对滞后,人口与就业压力不断加大,公共就业服务体系的现状远远不能满足对就业服务的需求.新的增长理念“包容性增长”既强调通过经济增长创造就业和其他发展机会,又强调发展机会的均等,要求通过减少与消除机会不均等来促进社会的公平与包容.而要实现包容性增长,政府必须提供必要的公共就业服务,在公共就业服务经费和人员安排上增加投入,在提供就业服务上提高效率,通过机会均等来改善收入分配,创造平等竞争的条件.     

气体性质对气动增压器性能的影响

气动增压器的动作频率是一个重要的性能参数。当气动增压器结构确定后,频率直接决定推进剂流量等参数。同时,气动增压器的动作频率体现在推进剂出口管路压力的波动上,对出口压力的稳定性有很大影响。研究气动增压器的动作频率,有助于合理选择频率参数,以及气动增压器结构参数和性能参数的匹配。为了研究增压气体性质对气动增压器工作性能的影响,建立了数学模型,利用AMESim软件对气液活塞的工作过程进行了仿真。仿真结果与试验数据对比,一致性较好。