航空铆钉连接件的抗冲击性能

以分离式Hopkinson拉杆装置为基础,设计了特殊的铆接试验件,对MS20615铆钉的铆接结构开展了动态加载下不同加载角度、不同加载速率的力学性能试验。结合其准静态试验结果,获得了铆接结构在纯剪切、30°拉剪耦合、45°拉剪耦合、60°拉剪耦合和纯拉伸试验下的力学性能参数。试验结果表明,加载角度、加载速率对铆接结构的失效载荷与失效模式有显著的影响。在试验结果的基础上,使用有限元软件LS-Dyna建立了铆接结构的简化模型,对比了试验和数值模拟得到的铆接结构载荷-位移曲线,并对简化数值模型进行了网格相关性分析,验证了简化的铆钉单元模型的可行性。     

Z源NPC三电平变换器恒功率并网控制策略研究

Z源中点钳位式(NPC)三电平变换器把逆变和升压两种环节结合在一起,结构简单、工作效率高,但是针对这种结构输出的无功功率研究较少。提出了一种Z源NPC三电平变换器的恒功率并网控制策略。首先对这种变换器的结构及原理进行分析;再把恒功率控制引入到这种变换器的并网控制中,并采用空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)实现了变换器的并网控制。MATLAB/Simulink软件仿真结果证明了这种变换器能够提高电压升压比。该控制策略可使变换器输出的有功功率、无功功率稳定于设定值,且并网电流谐波较低。     

大中型高压高速电动机转轴静力学仿真分析

以10 kV3 000 kW2极高压高速电动机为例,对转子偏心情况下电机转轴的静力学进行分析。对单边磁拉力的计算分别采用分析法和有限元法,并针对带有轴向通风槽的转轴挠度进行计算。然后通过ANSYS Workbench有限元仿真软件对转轴进行静力学仿真分析。在保证计算精度的基础上,可使用分析法。这为高压高速电动机单边磁拉力和转轴的静力学分析提供了参考。     

Online condition diagnosis for a two-stage gearbox machinery of an aerospace utilization system using an ensemble multi-fault features indexing approach

China manned space station is designed to operate for over ten years. Long-term and sustainable research on space science and technology will be conducted during its operation. The application payloads must meet the ‘‘long life and high reliability" mission requirement. Gearbox machinery is one of the essential devices in an aerospace utilization system, failure of which may lead to downtime loss even during some disastrous catastrophes. A fault diagnosis of gearbox has attracted attentions for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. A novel fault diagnosis method based on the Ensemble Multi-Fault Features Indexing(EMFFI) approach is proposed for the condition monitoring of gearboxes. Different from traditional methods of signal analysis in the one-dimensional space, this study employs a supervised learning method to determine the faults of a gearbox in a two-dimensional space using the classification model established by training the features extracted automatically from diagnostic vibration signals captured. The proposed method mainly includes the following steps. First, the vibration signals are transformed into a bi-spectrum contour map utilizing bi-spectrum technology,which provides a basis for the following image-based feature extraction. Then, Speeded-Up Robustness Feature(SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bi-spectrum contour map using a multi-fault features indexing theory, and the feature dimension is reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Finally, Random Forest(RF) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. The test results verify that the proposed method based on the multi-fault features indexing approach achieves the target of high diagnostic accuracy and can serve as a highly effective technique to discover faults in a gearbox machinery such as a two-stage one.     

Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.     

运载火箭贮箱增压控制技术发展综述

随着运载火箭低成本、高可靠性的发展趋势,对贮箱增压的控制技术提出了更高的要求。在研究国内外火箭的增压控制技术现状的基础上,总结提炼出增压控制技术的发展趋势,为后续新型火箭的研制提供参考。     

简化起落架噪声相似准则及马赫数比例律

真实飞机部件的气动噪声问题可以通过缩比模型气动声学试验研究,但是必须要遵循合适的相似准则。频率相似准则一般选择Helmholtz数或Strouhal数相似,而声源强度的相似准则在一定的雷诺数范围内通常采用Mach数相似。噪声随来流马赫数的比例律可用于外推风洞试验测量数据到真实飞行条件下,并判断声源类型。在北京航空航天大学D5气动声学风洞中对1/2缩比的LAnding Gear nOise database for civil aviation authority validatiON(LAGOON)简化起落架模型进行了气动声学试验研究。试验结果表明:该起落架模型的噪声频率遵循Helmholtz数相似准则而非Strouhal数相似准则。起落架噪声的马赫数比例律与频率有关,在低频范围内满足6次方关系,而在中高频范围内满足7次方关系。将D5风洞测得的噪声频谱按Helmholtz数相似及相应的马赫数比例律转换后与LAGOON原型试验结果对比,发现两者的测量结果吻合得非常好。     

大涵道比风扇设计技术发展趋势

风扇部件是民用涡扇发动机关键部件之一,自20世纪60年代以来在气动设计等方面发生了显著变化,其发展支撑了民机的更新换代。对民机风扇叶片的发展历史进行了回顾,对典型设计特征和参数进行了总结。着重介绍了民机风扇叶片的叶片数、叶尖切线速度、气动叶型设计、降噪设计、材料工艺等发展变化,对其内在原因进行了分析,并评述了其发展趋势。     

隐身飞机战术干扰效能评估

从雷达距离公式和干扰方程出发,结合隐身飞机不同姿态角对应的RCS值,建立了隐身飞机战术干扰条件下的雷达探测距离模型.在考虑烧穿距离这一限制因素后,依据不同干扰模式设定了相应的干扰距离,仿真研究了雷达探测距离在不同干扰模式下的变化,并评估了隐身飞机的战术干扰性能.仿真结果表明,隐身飞机战术干扰方式灵活、干扰压制效能高,在一定程度上缩减了雷达探测距离.     

高超声速再入飞船气体热辐射计算边界虚网格方法

针对再入飞行器激波层辐射加热,应用有限体积法计算辐射传输方程,引入了一种边界处理方式——虚网格方法,根据化学非平衡流场数据,计算出飞行器表面辐射加热热流。通过分析发现:采用虚网格方法处理辐射传输边界,能够确保真正的边界条件得到应用,满足真实的物理意义,且辐射传输计算的空间网格、立体角网格、初始温度值的收敛性很好,计算结果精度误差小于2.5%。利用虚网格方法计算飞船再入返回时的辐射加热,结果表明计算所得壁面辐射热流与其他研究者辐射热流计算结果符合良好。