Deformation behavior of non-rigid airships in wind tunnel tests

Deformation behavior of non-rigid airships in wind tunnel tests is studied by considering three factors, including internal pressure, flow velocity and angle of attack. Fiber Bragg grating strain sensors are used to measure the deformation of non-rigid airships. Wind tunnel tests in the case of different flow velocities and angles of attack are conducted. The measurement results reveal that the airship deformation is in proportion to internal pressure. For the tensile region,the airship deformation is in proportion to flow velocity. Effects of angle of attack on structural deformation are more complicated and there is no clear relationship existing between airship deformation and angle of attack.     

Dynamics and de-spin control of massive target by single tethered space tug

This paper investigates the dynamics and de-spin control of a massive target by a single tethered space tug in the post-capture phase. The dynamic model of the tethered system is derived and simplified to a dimensionless form. Further, a decoupled PD controller is proposed, and the local stability of the controller is analyzed by linearization technique. Parametric studies of the dynamics and de-spin control of a massive target are conducted to characterize the dynamic process of de-spin with the proposed control law. It is shown that the massive target can be de-span by a single and small space tug with limited thrust within finite time. The thrust tangent with the tether de-spins the target while the thrust normal to the tether prevents the tether from winding up the target. The tether length has a positive contribution to the de-spin of a target. The longer tether leads to a faster de-spin process.     

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

纵向波纹隔热屏气膜冷却特性实验

针对加力燃烧室纵向波纹隔热屏气膜冷却效果开展了细致的实验研究,利用红外热像仪测量了隔热屏壁面的温度分布,分析了隔热屏板型、吹风比、开孔率等参数对气膜冷却效率的影响。实验中板型选取了平板和纵向波纹隔热屏,吹风比变化范围是0.5~3.0,开孔率变化范围是1.4%~3.7%。结果表明:相比于平板隔热屏的气膜冷却效率沿程逐渐增加,纵向波纹隔热屏的气膜冷却效率随波纹板的起伏而起伏且大于平板隔热屏;随着吹风比的增加气膜冷却效率逐渐加大,在吹风比为3.0时达到最大值;气膜冷却效率在波峰处低,波谷处高,整体上随波纹板的起伏而波动,吹风比越小,气膜冷却效率随波纹板的起伏变化越明显;高吹风比(吹风比为2.0~3.0)下,气膜冷却效率沿程变化与增幅较为缓慢;整体上,随着开孔率的增加气膜冷却效率逐渐加大,小开孔率(开孔率为1.4%、2.7%)下的气膜冷却效率相差不大,但在次流背风侧,开孔率小的气膜冷却效率要小于开孔率大的气膜冷却效率。      

应用于超级电容储能系统的双向DC/DC变换器混沌控制方法研究

超级电容储能系统(SCESS)主要通过对双向DC/DC变换器进行控制来快速平抑直流母线电压的波动。为了抑制控制过程中所产生的一些分岔和混沌现象,提出了一种应用于SCESS的混沌控制方法。分析了该方法的控制原理,并根据非线性动力学理论建立了双向DC/DC变换器的离散迭代模型;然后设计了一种能够自动调节补偿斜率的混沌控制信号;最后对该信号作用下的异步切换函数和同步切换映射式进行了数值求解,从而绘出系统分叉图。通过仿真和试验证明,该方法能够有效抑制SCESS的分岔和混沌现象,提高了系统的稳定工作范围和动态响应速度。     

烧蚀后C-SiC复合材料隔离段内激波串长度预测

为了研究畸变气流影响下烧蚀后的C-SiC复合材料隔离段内激波串长度预测问题,设计了能够模拟进气道喉道流场畸变的隔离段直连台,并开展了马赫数2.5和3.5来流的两种不同烧蚀程度的C-SiC复合材料隔离段直连实验,获得了有效的纹影和压力数据,结合实验和理论分析,采用无量纲不平度hs/Dhy来表征烧蚀后C-SiC隔离段内壁面严重不规则粗糙特征,尝试在Waltrup公式中增加包含无量纲不平度的因子(1+4hs/Dhy),以此形成新的公式来预测烧蚀后C-SiC隔离段内激波串长度,预测精度较原来公式大幅提高,按照10%的误差带分析,修正后的Waltrup公式预测精度提高了33.3%。     

Six sigma robust design optimization for thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles based on successive response surface method

Lightweight design is important for the Thermal Protection System(TPS) of hypersonic vehicles in that it protects the inner structure from severe heating environment. However, due to the existence of uncertainties in material properties and geometry, it is imperative to incorporate uncertainty analysis into the design optimization to obtain reliable results. In this paper, a six sigma robust design optimization based on Successive Response Surface Method(SRSM) is established for the TPS to improve the reliability and robustness with considering the uncertainties. The uncertain parameters related to material properties and thicknesses of insulation layers are considered and characterized by random variables following normal distributions. By employing SRSM, the values of objective function and constraints are approximated by the response surfaces to reduce computational cost. The optimization is an iterative process with response surfaces updating to find the true optimal solution. The optimization of the nose cone of hypersonic vehicle cabin is provided as an example to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

超燃冲压发动机燃烧模态转换直连式实验研究

为获得燃烧模态转换过程对超燃冲压发动机工作特性的影响,在直连式实验台上,通过液态煤油流量的线性变化,开展了飞行马赫数4.5条件下燃烧室不同工作模态的转换实验。通过对特征位置和参数的监测,实现了燃烧模态的实时判别,获得了燃烧模态转换过程对发动机性能的影响规律。实验结果表明,在燃烧模态转换过程中滞环现象明显,燃烧室压力和发动机推力性能存在突变。在燃油流量以相同的速率增加和减小过程中发生模态转换时刻的燃油当量比存在差异,分别为0.55和0.488,两个转换点燃烧室比推相差8.05%。在滞环区间内,对于同一当量比,会存在两个不同燃烧模态,对应不同的发动机推力性能。     

磁场对高电压霍尔推力器性能影响研究

为研究磁场构型、磁场强度对高电压霍尔推力器主要性能的影响机理,以HET-200推力器为对象,采用固定磁场构型和不固定磁场构型两种方案进行实验研究。结果表明,在不固定构型的情况下增强磁场,放电电流存在两个极小值,效率也存在相应的两个极大值;但当固定磁场构型时,则放电电流只有一个最小值,效率也只有一个最大值。以最优效率下的磁场构型为基准,获得了磁场与电压、磁场与流量的匹配关系分别为B_(r, max)∝V~(0.7),B_(r, max)∝m。     

真实气体效应对Ma10级进气道流动的影响

为了探究高马赫数超燃冲压发动机高速飞行时真实气体效应对进气道流场的影响,仿真获得了不同气体模型下Ma10级进气道流场结构和性能。结果表明:进气道主流流场温度较低,不足以触发空气的离解反应,反应仅发生在边界层内,但反应程度较低,远未达到化学平衡状态,除了边界层温度及热载荷特性,其流场结果则更为贴近冻结流流场,因而化学非平衡模型与热完全气体模型的进气道通流流场结构和性能基本一致。而真实气体效应导致边界层特性的不同,对进气道起动特性产生影响,吸热离解反应通过对进口分离包的抑制和增大进口马赫数将进气道的再起动马赫数从9.8降低到9.4。在对进气道在宽速域应用中的钝化设计研究发现,真实气体效应虽然对前缘钝化进气道流场的压力分布和性能无明显影响,但是其能起到整体降低壁面热流的作用,不仅钝头处的热流降低了1MW/m2,通道内的热流也整体降低了0.1MW/m2。