谐振式光纤陀螺系统建模及其应用研究

谐振式光纤陀螺作为高精度角速度传感器,以其集成化高、成本低以及抗干扰性强等独有优势,逐渐成为下一代光学陀螺研究发展的热点。通过对谐振式光纤陀螺工作原理的分析,建立了陀螺数字信号处理系统可视化模型,并对系统谐振曲线和同步解调曲线等开环输出以及锁频反馈下闭环输出进行了模拟仿真。利用仿真模型分析了正弦波调制下谐振谱分裂现象,并搭建实验装置对其进行了验证。结果表明,实验中正弦信号调制频率高于系统谐振输出半高全宽一半,即对应2 MHz时,谐振谱分裂会导致同步解调输出线性区域出现明显失真,严重恶化了标度因数线性度。因此,搭建的谐振式光纤陀螺仿真模型能够准确而有效地模拟系统的工作状态,在系统噪声抑制和精度提升方面具有指导性意义。     

《模具制造工艺》课程设计改革初探

阐述在《模具制造工艺》课程设计中进行教学改革的几项具体措施,重点介绍课程设计指导课的内容编排,对课程设计中的常见错误进行归纳和剖析。     

惯导系统旋转机构轴承动力学建模方法研究

旋转机构是旋转调制捷联惯导系统的关键部件之一。为了精确模拟旋转机构的动力学特性,研究了支撑旋转轴系的双列球轴承的动力学建模方法,提出了使用Bushing单元来建立同时具有径向移动刚度、轴向移动刚度和径向角刚度的三向刚度轴承动力学模型的方法。利用有限元数值仿真方法计算了三向刚度数值,并利用轴承手册上的经验公式进行了验证。在此基础上,建立了含弹性轴承支撑的旋转调制捷联惯导系统旋转机构的结构动力学有限元模型,分析比较了轴承有无角刚度两种状态下的固有模态。分析结果表明:对于旋转调制捷联惯导系统旋转机构来说,轴承模型角刚度对计算精度的影响较大,角刚度已知的模型更接近真实情况。     

叶片磨抛机器人力/位混合控制的设计与实现

为提高航空类发动机叶片的自动化磨抛精度,减小复杂曲面叶片加工轨迹控制误差,采用基于六维力传感器的机器人力/位混合控制策略,实现机器人磨抛轨迹的在线修正。搭建以Staubli机器人和ATI六维力传感器为核心部件的叶片磨抛验证平台,通过C++开发上位机,采集磨抛过程中六维力传感器信息并进行Kalman滤波。通过示教确定机器人运动轨迹,对机器人运动轨迹与力传感器信息进行采集分析,确定基于力/位混合控制可以实现机器人运动轨迹的在线修正,为复杂曲面的叶片磨抛轨迹控制提供一种解决方案。     

基于ICKF的永磁同步电机无传感器控制方法

针对在永磁同步电机(Permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)中安装传感器带来的高成本、体积增大、可靠性降低和易受环境干扰等问题,提出采用迭代容积卡尔曼滤波(Iterative cubature Kalman filter,ICKF)算法来估计电机转速和转子位置,并将其应用于永磁同步电机无传感器控制。首先,建立了PMSM在α-β坐标系下的离散数学模型。其次,在Matlab/Simulink环境下分别建立了基于容积卡尔曼滤波(Cubature Kalman filter,CKF)和ICKF的PMSM转速、电流双闭环的无传感器矢量控制系统仿真模型,并进行了给定转速和加负载两种工况的仿真验证。最后,基于TMS320F28335芯片搭建了硬件实验验证平台。仿真分析与实验结果均表明,迭代容积卡尔曼滤波算法应用于永磁同步电机无传感器控制中抗负载变化干扰性好、电机运行稳定、电机转速和转子位置估计精度高,可满足对电机精确控制要求较高的应用场合,具有重要参考价值和推广意义。     

Torque Distribution of Electric Vehicle with Four In-Wheel Motors Based on Road Adhesion Margin

With the worsening of energy crisis and environmental pollution,electric vehicles with four in?wheel motors have been paid more and more attention. The main research subject is how to reasonably distribute the driving torque of each wheel. Considering the longitudinal motion,lateral motion,yaw movement and rotation of the four wheels,the tire model and the seven DOF dynamic model of the vehicle are established in this paper. Then,the torque distribution method is proposed based on road adhesion margin,which can be divided into anti ? slip control layer and torque distribution layer. The anti?slip control layer is built based on sliding mode variable structure control,whose main function is to avoid the excessive slip of wheels caused by road conditions. The torque distribution layer is responsible for selecting the torque distribution method based on road adhesion margin. The simulation results show that the proposed torque distribution method can ensure the vehicle quickly adapt to current road adhesion conditions,and improve the handling stability and dynamic performance of the vehicle in the driving process.     

Rotation Control of a 3-DOF Parallel Mechanism Driven by Pneumatic Muscle Actuators

The pneumatic muscle actuator(PMA) has many advantages,such as good flexibility,high power/weight ratio,but its nonlinearity makes it difficult to build a static mathematical model with high precision. A new method is proposed to establish the model of PMA. The concept of hybrid elastic modulus which is related to the static characteristic of PMA is put forward,and the energy conservation law is used to achieve the expression of the hybrid elastic modulus,which can be fitted out based on experimental data,and the model of PMA can be derived from this expression. At the same time,a 3-DOF parallel mechanism(a new bionic shoulder joint)driven by five PMAs is designed. This bionic shoulder joint adopts the structure of two antagonistic PMAs actualizing a rotation control and three PMAs controlling another two rotations to get better rotation characteristics. The kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the mechanism are analyzed and a new static model of PMA is used to control it.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this new static model.     

Active Design Method of Tooth Profiles for Cycloid Drive Based on Meshing Efficiency

An active design method of tooth profiles for cycloid gears based on their meshing efficiency is proposed.This method takes the meshing efficiency as one of the design variables to determine the tooth profiles. The calculation method for the meshing efficiency of planetary transmission is analyzed and the equation of the meshing efficiency is deduced. Relationships between the meshing efficiency,the radius of the pin wheel and the eccentric distance are revealed. The design constraint quations and the strength constraint quations are deduced. On the basis of this,a design procedure is laid out. Some examples using different input parameters are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. A dynamic simulation of the rigid-flexible coupling of cycloid gears is also presented. The results show that the proposed design method is more flexible to control the tooth profiles by changing the input values of the transmission efficiency.     

超高速干气密封扰流效应及抑扰机制

干气密封在高速时优异的动压性能使其应用范围从传统的压缩机、离心机等中高速设备逐渐扩大到航空发动机、（微型）燃气轮机等超高速设备中。基于实际超高速工况特点,对转速范围为10 000~120 000 r/min时的干气密封性能进行了系统性仿真计算,结果发现：在一定几何参数和工况参数下,类似于气浮轴承的微振动现象,干气密封会出现疑似受气体压力波动流影响的开启力、泄漏量与转速非正相关变化的扰流现象,尤其在高压、大膜厚、小槽深时的扰流效应愈加显著;在转速持续增大过程中,干气密封微尺度流场会出现二次拐点现象,且一次拐点发生转速与设计参数有关,而二次拐点发生转速基本约为90 000 r/min。同时结合导流织构的设计思路,进一步研究了超高速下干气密封槽底导流织构的驱动导流效应,结果表明：加设导流织构后,承载效果明显提高,拐点发生工况延后且压力波动区域被压缩。表明导流织构具有良好的抑制扰流、维持开启力与转速持续正相关的作用,在此基础上,进一步阐释了导流织构的抑扰机制,以期为突破干气密封在超高速工况下的应用壁垒提供新思路。     

尖侧缘机身布局的俯仰力矩特性及扰流板控制

针对尖侧缘机身布局在大迎角下存在的正俯仰力矩（抬头力矩）问题,通过风洞试验,首先研究了俯仰力矩的迎角分区特性及流动演化规律：线性增长区（迎角为0°~15°）,俯仰力矩线性增加,全机从附着流到形成进气道前缘涡和机翼涡;非线性增长区（迎角为17.5°~32.5°）,俯仰力矩非线性增加,机头涡出现,机头涡和进气道前缘涡逐渐增强,机翼涡增强后破裂;衰减区（迎角为35°~65°）,俯仰力矩逐渐减小,机头涡增强后破裂,进气道前缘涡破裂发展,机翼涡完全破裂。其次,发现了机身前体是产生正俯仰力矩的主要来源,机头涡是导致大迎角下正俯仰力矩的主控流动。当迎角为40°时,前体各截面正俯仰力矩在进气道前缘处达到最大,主要是由于该处机头涡诱导产生了较强的法向力。最后,提出了大迎角机身扰流板控制技术,产生了较好的控制效果。当迎角为40°时,扰流板可使正俯仰力矩减少62%,其原因是扰流板降低了机头涡涡量及其诱导产生的法向力,减少了机身前体对正俯仰力矩的贡献。该控制技术的缺点是扰流板会带来一些升力损失和附加阻力。基于尖侧缘机身参考宽度的雷诺数为2.59×10⁵。