The development of a Russian communication satellite of small class, operating in the geostationary and high-elliptical orbits

In 1994-1995 Lavochkin Association (Russia) together with the other enterprises in accordance with technical requirements of the Russian Space agency, developed a new Russian communication satellite of a small class that will operate in both the geostationary (GSO) and high-elliptical (HEO) orbits. This satellite may be injected into operational orbits using a SOYUZ-2 launch vehicle (LV) and a FREGAT upper stage (US) from Plesetsk and Baykonur space launch sites (SLS).The main reason for creating such a satellite was to decrease the cost of the support and development of the Russian communication geostationary satellites group.Russian satellites Horizont, Express, Ekran and Gals, which operate in GSO, are the basis of the space segment for communications, radio and TV broadcasting. All of these satellites are injected into GSO by the PROTON LV. PROTON is a launch vehicle of a heavy class. The use of a middle class LV instead of a heavy class will allow to reduce considerably the launch cost. The change of a heavy class LV to a LV of middle class determined one economic reason for this project. Besides, the opportunity to launch S/C into GSO from Russian Plesetsk SLS increases the independence of Russia in the domain of space communications, despite the presence of the contract with Kazachstan about the rent of Baykonur SLS. Finally, use of small satellites with a rather small number of transponders is more effective than the use of big satellites. It will allow also to increase a satellite group (by the launch of additional satellites) precisely in accordance to the development of the ground segment.     

降低NEPE推进剂燃速的途径探讨

通过对NEPE推进剂燃烧表面的热平衡分析，指出了影响推进剂燃速的3个因素：“嘶嘶”区（fizz）的温度梯度、凝聚相反应热和燃面温度，提高了降低NEPE推进剂燃速的可能途径，研究了某些燃速降速剂的作用及其对推进剂能量的影响。用实验证明了降低燃速几个途径的可行性。     

星光折射航天器自主定轨方案比较

当星光透射大气发生折射时 ,用星光折射角精确地反映星光在大气中离地球表面的高度 ,并建立高度、航天器与地球的几何关系。通过对折射角进行观测 ,间接测得地平 ,从而改善了用地平仪直接测地平所造成的航天器自主导航精度低的不足。本文提出了几种利用星光折射的航天器自主定轨方案 ,并作了细致的仿真实验 ,对直接和间接两种测量地平方法以及几种星光折射自主定轨方案进行了分析比较。     

劳（Lao）喷管扩张段优化设计的数值方法研究

本文建立了火箭发动机喷管扩张段优化设计（Lao喷管）的型面曲线近似作图法的数学模型，将作图法转化为等价的优化问题，并给出了优化问题解的迭代方法，最后采用泛函网络的方法对离散的数值解进行了曲线拟合，以便于数控加工的编程。     

Ariane transfer vehicle in service of man in orbit

The Ariane transfer vehicle (ATV), an Ariane 5 borne, unmanned propulsion vehicle, is designed to transport the logistics needed to resupply the International Space Station (ISS) and the man tended free flyer (MTFF) step 2 with pressurized and unpressurized cargo and to dispose the waste. The ATV is an expendable vehicle and is disposed of by a safe atmospheric burn up. In accordance with the AR5 schedule it should be operational in 1996 for missions toward ISS and beyond the year 2000 for MTFF 2 missions. The main constituents of the proposed ATV are the modified AR5 third stage L5, an upgraded VEB steering the launcher as well as the ATV and the P/L-adaptor providing mechanical and umbilical links to the payload. The mechanical part of the RVD-kit will be placed on the payload-module, the main RVD sensors are located on the adaptor and the needed computer intelligence will be integrated on the VEB. To minimize the development, and recurring costs, the ATV concept fully complies to the idea of maximum use of existing hardware and software, mainly from the AR5, Hermes and Columbus programs thus minimizing development and recurring costs. The ATV is compatible to ISS, MTFF and OMV and is able to transport logistic modules compatible with NSTS and U.S.-expendable launchers.     

智能天线结构模糊自适应变形控制实验研究

基于dSPACE半物理仿真系统和所研制的压电作动器,设计并构建了智能天线结构实验平台,进行了结构变形控制实验研究。实验中采用常规PID作为基本控制方法,并在此基础上设计了一种模糊自适应PID控制器,将两种方法对应的不同控制效果进行了对比。结果表明:在所给的实验条件下,基于压电材料可实现对智能天线结构变形的控制,作动器控制变形量最大可达166μm;两种控制方法均可对结构变形进行控制,模糊自适应方法的绝对位置控制精度达到±0.5μm;应用模糊自适应PID控制方法对结构进行变形控制,较之常规PID控制方法能够降低系统响应的超调量,缩短稳定时间,提高控制精度,得到更好的控制过程。     

导弹发射车主机发电时带外供电的方法

对某型导弹发射车主机发电的供电体制进行了简要分析 ,提出了增加外供电体制的措施和方法。外供电方案的实施 ,不仅为部队的平时训练提供了方便 ,而且为提高导弹发射车的可靠性和生存力提供了必要条件 ,增强了整个武器系统的战斗力。     

运载火箭模态试验仿真技术研究新进展

针对传统数学模型修改技术无法解决大型工程问题的局限性,为了实施模态试验仿真,提出一套适用于航天器复杂结构模型修改新技术,称之为子结构试验建模综合技术。简要综述在运载火箭模态试验仿真技术方面研究的新进展,并介绍两个应用实例:一是CZ-2E运载火箭全箭模态试验仿真与预示,用介绍的模态试验仿真技术成功地预示运载火箭模态参数,预示的模态与随后进行的实尺运载火箭模态试验所测到的模态非常一致,进而验证介绍的仿真技术的可靠性;另一个是CZ-2F载人运载火箭全箭模态试验仿真,它为箭船耦合动力学分析提供了可靠数学模型与数据。这两个大型工程应用实例说明了运载火箭模态试验仿真技术的工程实用性。     

基于Bayes假设检验的SAR图像分辨率计算方法

分辨率是衡量SAR成像质量的重要评价指标。目前所采用的3dB主瓣宽度方法来源于光学成像中的瑞利准则,受人类视觉感知能力限制,且没有考虑噪声影响。根据SAR图像表达式与观测信号乘法模型,在存在目标位置先验信息情况下,基于Bayes假设检验理论建立点目标分辨判别准则,得到统计意义上的分辨率计算方法,得到的结论与现有的关于分辨率计算的定性理解相一致,克服了瑞利准则的缺陷。     

三维非结构网格DSMC并行算法及应用研究

基于PC-CLUSTER机群并行体系结构与消息传递库MPI并行环境,研究了三维非结构网格DSMC并行算法。提出一类基于结构背景网格上的非结构网格动态分区策略,保证各子区域的分子数量大致相等,实现计算进程间的动态负载平衡。利用MPI库函数构造了两类符合DSMC并行原理的通讯法:单步通讯法与多步通讯法。采用单控制多数据流(SPMD)以及Master/Slave并行模式,设计了三维非结构网格DSMC整体并行算法。给出了跟踪模拟分子在四面体网格间迁移运动的详细计算过程。最后对全尺寸航天飞机高超声速绕流进行了并行模拟,验证并行算法的有效性。