基于单目视觉原理的空间位置测量技术研究

为了提升空间位置测量的自动化程度,采用单目视觉原理建立空间成像方程,将三维的空间坐标转换为两维的图像坐标,由此实现单目视觉的空间位置测量。本文推导了单目视觉定位的基本成像方程,对建立的定位装置,进行了实际定位实验,实现了预期的测量结果。基于视觉原理的空间位置测量技术,具有良好的推广应用价值。     

路网匹配定位方法研究

针对车载惯性导航设备由于其惯性器件随时间漂移产生误差导致系统定位精度逐渐变差的问题,提出了一种路网匹配定位方法以提高车载导航系统的综合定位精度,该方法基于视觉测量原理通过双目摄像装置采集道路周边环境特征进行匹配定位,介绍了匹配定位的基本原理和系统实现所需的关键技术,通过实际跑车测试,验证了该方法的合理性和可行性。     

单目视觉三维运动位姿测量方法研究

针对基于点特征的单目视觉位姿测量,研究了一种基于不共面5个编码特征点的单目视觉解算算法,利用大靶面高分辨率相机采集运动物体姿态图像,利用目标物体上编码特征点间的几何约束关系,通过正交迭代解算算法完成目标物体的位姿测量。实验结果表明：位移测量不确定度优于0.5mm,姿态测量不确定度优于0.05°,可满足航空航天领域试验测量要求。     

无人自转旋翼机建模与控制方法研究

以500kg级无人自转旋翼机为研究对象,研究了样例无人旋翼机的建模和自动飞行控制技术.首先,基于解析形式叶素积分法给出自转旋翼机的建模方法,并给出了样例旋翼无人机的数学模型;然后,设计了无人旋翼机的俯仰和滚转控制律,并在此基础上设计了速度、高度及侧偏控制律.最后,通过飞行试验验证了模型的准确性及控制律的有效性.     

静压气浮轴承工程设计方法研究

静压气浮轴承是惯性器件测试平台回转支撑轴系的关键部件，其承载能力和回转精度对惯性器件测试的准确性有着重要的影响，目前，静压气浮轴承设计、计算过程复杂，为提高设计效率，简化设计方法，在满足静压气浮轴承性能的条件下，推导了静压气浮轴承工程计算公式，在此基础上，设计了一款双向止推空气轴承，确定了几何参数，计算了空气静压径向轴承、空气静压止推轴承的轴承承载力、刚度、耗气量及摩擦力矩，并与有限元仿真结果进行了对比分析，验证了该设计方法的有效性。     

基于变刚度变阻尼的柔性喷管动态模型

针对柔性接头动态迟滞曲线受控制系统控制位置精度和动态响应速度影响较大的问题,基于电液伺服机构和柔性接头变刚度变阻尼模型,构建了柔性喷管的电液伺服机构-变刚度变阻尼模型,将其和电液伺服机构-定刚度定阻尼模型进行了对比。分析了电液伺服机构主要参数、柔性接头工作参数等对电液伺服机构-柔性接头系统动态特性的影响。分析结果表明:电液伺服机构-变刚度变阻尼模型所构造的迟滞曲线可更准确地与实验结果相吻合,并符合迟滞曲线随频率变化的规律,反馈系数、放大器静态放大系数、电液伺服机构增益、滑阀流量增益等参数对系统动态特性的影响更为明显。该模型为固体火箭发动机电液伺服机构-柔性接头系统动态特性的调整提供理论依据。     

Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.     

Characterization of ionospheric amplitude scintillations using wavelet entropy detrended GNSS data

The extensive monitoring networks of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ionospheric scintillation have been established to continuously log observation data. Further, the amplitude scintillation index and the phase scintillation index, which are derived from scintillation observations, are anticipated to accommodate the accuracy requirement of both the user level and the monitoring station level. However, raw scintillation observations essentially measure superposed waveform impairments of GNSS signals propagating through ionosphere and troposphere. It implies that fluctuations of raw scintillation observations are caused by multiple factors from the entire radio propagation environment. Hence, it is crucial to characterize ionospheric scintillations from GNSS observation data. And the characterization is implemented through extracting fluctuations of raw observations merely induced by ionospheric scintillations. Designed to address this problem by means of Fourier filtering detrending, the present work investigates the influence of varying detrending cutoff frequencies on wavelet statistical energy and wavelet entropy distributions of scintillation data. It consequently derives criteria on the optimum detrending cutoff frequency for three types of raw amplitude scintillation data, which are classified by their wavelet energy distributions. Results of the present work verify that detrending with specific optimum cutoff frequencies rather than the fixed and universally applicable one renders the validity and credibility of characterizing ionospheric scintillations as the part of GNSS observation fluctuations purely induced by ionosphere electron density irregularities whose scale sizes are comparable with or smaller than the Fresnel scale.