基于理想解的模拟调制识别分析

利用排序待判决信号特征逼近各候选调制方式理想解的程度来实现调制方式识别,该方法不需要确定判决门限,运算量较小。以基本的模拟调制方式为对象,深入分析其识别性能,考察各权值系数对识别概率的影响,可以发现:一般各调制方式均只会被误判成其他某一种调制方式,且不同权值系数对判决结果的影响程度相差较大。因此,可以针对调制方式误判类型寻求新的特征参数,探求最优权值系数来进一步提升所提方法的识别性能。     

面向单目立体视觉的立方镜图像处理技术

面向单目视觉辅助光电准直仪对立方镜进行准直的需求,研究针对立方镜图像的数字图像处理技术。采用Canny边缘检测方法得到灰度图像中的边缘信息,借助Hough变换按照直线程度的强弱对边缘信息进行分类提取,得到图像中立方镜棱边对应的直线信息。按照偏角与截距对棱边直线信息进行分类排序,结合先验知识得到立方镜角点对应的配对相交直线,对配对直线求交点得到立方镜角点在图像中的位置,得到的立方镜棱边及角点信息为后续的立方镜位姿计算提供了基础数据。     

随钻用光纤陀螺惯导系统振动误差建模与辨识

随钻振动工作环境下,针对惯导系统传统的线性器件误差模型不能适用于线振动工作环境的问题,提出了适用于振动条件下的高阶器件误差模型。通过分析二次项误差在静止与振动状态下的误差传播特性,得出加速度计二次项误差为线振动中主要误差项,建立包含加速度计二次项误差的36阶Kalman滤波器。与传统33阶误差模型相比,36阶误差模型可以有效分离和辨识器件误差。最后,在线振动状态下进行导航验证。结果表明,补偿了二次项误差之后的导航误差得到了大幅优化,速度误差由50m/s减小至2.2m/s,位置误差由90000m减小至2000m,姿态误差由0.7°减小至0.01°。     

Design and optimization of a novel electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system for heavy fuel aircraft piston engine

The heavy fuel compression ignition engines are widely equipped as aircraft piston engines. The fuel injection system is one of the key technologies that determines the performance of engine. One of the main challenges is to precisely control the injected fuel quantity and flow rate in the presence of pressure fluctuation. This challenge is even more serious for heavy fuel. An original design for electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system called Multi-Pumppressure-reservoirs fuel injection System(MPS) was demonstrated to reduce the pressure fluctuation and help keep injection stable. MPS was compared with an ordinary high pressure Common Rail fuel injection System(CRS). This work established one-dimensional AMESim and mathematical models for both CRS and MPS to study the effect of different structures and geometric parameters on the pressure fluctuations. The calculations show that the average fuel pressure fluctuation of MPS can be reduced by 57% for the crankshaft speed of 1900 r/min, and the pressure fluctuation before injection reduced by 100%. It is concluded that the pressure performance of MPS is less sensitive to pressure reservoir volume than that of CRS, and there is an opportunity for further volume reduction.     

Design and application of an Electric Tail Rotor Drive Control (ETRDC) for helicopters with performance tests

With the development of electric helicopters’ motor technology and the widespread use of electric drive rotors, more aircraft use electric rotors to provide thrust and directional control. For a helicopter tail rotor, the wake of the main rotor influences the tail rotor’s inflow and wake. In the procedure of controlling, crosswind will also cause changes to the tail disk load. This paper describes requirements and design principles of an electric motor drive and variable pitch tail rotor system. A particular spoke-type architecture of the motor is designed, and the performance of blades is analyzed by the CFD method. The demand for simplicity of moving parts and strict constraints on the weight of a helicopter makes the design of electrical and mechanical components challenging. Different solutions have been investigated to propose an effective alternative to the mechanical actuation system. A test platform is constructed which can collect the dynamic response of the thrust control. The enhancement of the response speed due to an individual motor speed control and variable-pitch system is validated.     

动力涡轮导叶可调的三轴式船用燃气轮机动态实时仿真

鉴于传统的燃气轮机建模方法用于动力涡轮导叶可调的三轴式船用燃气轮机动态实时仿真时具有一定局限性,提出了一种新型的基于径向基函数(Radical basis function,RBF)的神经网络与部件法(Component modeling method,CMM)的复合建模方法 (HMRC)。该方法针对该型燃气轮机的结构和总体性能特点,合理地选取了样本点以减小样本规模。通过神经网络与部件法分别计算燃气发生器与动力涡轮相关参数,采用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真软件建立实时仿真模型。与传统的部件法建立起来的仿真模型对比,新方法计算结果与部件法吻合度高,误差低于1%,同时模型的实时性得到了大幅提升,计算速度约为部件法的7倍。     

An adaptive fast fixed-time guidance law with an impact angle constraint for intercepting maneuvering targets

Sliding mode guidance laws based on a conventional terminal sliding mode guarantees only finite-time convergence, which verifies that the settling time is required to be estimated by selecting appropriate initial launched conditions. However, rapid convergence to a desired impact angle within a uniform bounded finite time is important in most practical guidance applications. A uniformly finite-time/fixed-time convergent guidance law means that the convergence (settling) time is predefined independently on initial conditions, that is, a closed-loop convergence time can be estimated a priori by guidance parameters. In this paper, a novel adaptive fast fixed-time sliding mode guidance law to intercept maneuver targets at a desired impact angle from any initial heading angle, with no problems of singularity and chattering, is designed. The proposed guidance law achieves system stabilization within bounded settling time independent on initial conditions and achieves more rapid convergence than those of fixed-time stable control methods by accelerating the convergence rate when the system is close to the origin. The achieved acceleration-magnitude constraints are rigorously enforced, and the chattering-free property is guaranteed by adaptive switching gains. Extensive numerical simulations are presented to validate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed guidance law for different initial engagement geometries and impact angles.     

小型感性耦合射频等离子体中和器的实验研究

为了研究适用于百瓦级电推力器的离子束流中和技术,基于电子鞘层模型、射频等离子体最优放电技术和通过插入探针实现快速点火的方法,设计了一套小型感性耦合射频等离子体中和器(RF plasma neutralizer,RPN)。实验研究了RPN中和器的稳定工作条件和电子引出特性,实现了RPN中和器稳定工作和电子有效引出。实验结果表明:电子引出特性主要取决于发射孔附近阳极斑的形成与否,而阳极斑的形成又主要受结构设计、工质流量和偏置电压等运行条件的影响;通过对RPN运行条件的优化试验,获得了55~150m A可调电子束流范围和较高的工质利用系数(3.9~10.5),满足离子束流中和需求;另外,实验中还观察到了电子束流随工质流量或偏置电压的迟滞现象。     

三级轴向旋流燃烧室流场结构研究

为深入了解燃烧室内流场,研究不同来流状态对燃烧室流场结构的影响,基于粒子成像速度仪(PIV)技术,对采用三级轴向旋流器的航空发动机燃烧室进行流场测量,分别在Case 1常温低压(0.49MPa)、Case 2常温中压(0.98MPa)、Case 3常温高压(1.64MPa)、Case 4全状态(高温813K高压2.78MPa)来流条件下进行。研究结果表明,同一燃烧室模型在不同速度、温度和压力来流下有基本相同的流场结构,但在中心回流区尺寸、角落回流区尺寸、主燃孔和掺混孔射流等细节方面仍有明显差异,来流压力较高的流场中心回流区向下游扩展更深入,角落回流区被压缩,主燃孔和掺混孔射流速度增加且进气比例增大。     

PATR发动机关键技术与性能提升途径初探

PATR发动机是针对临近空间高速投放平台、水平起降两级入轨重复使用航天运输器之一级而提出的一种组合发动机。此发动机具有工作速域宽、模态简捷、推质比高及性能优等优点,是组合发动机发展方向之一。介绍了PATR发动机及其特点,分析了影响系统研发的系统设计、高效换热、高效涡轮机、材料及工艺等关键技术。在此基础上,提出了优化系统方案和部件参数等提高发动机性能的途径。