轮廓度约束下近净成形叶片余量优化方法

针对近净成形的叶片在自适应精加工中余量不均这一问题,提出了考虑叶型截面线轮廓度公差约束的余量优化方法。在设计基准与加工基准配准的条件下,改变工件做刚性位移的余量优化思路,建立一种新的叶身优化模型,避免优化后叶片检测处的截面线超出轮廓度公差,提升叶片余量优化阶段寻找到目标加工曲面的能力。最后以某压气机叶片为例进行验证,此方法不仅能够保证叶身加工余量,还能同时满足型面检测处的轮廓度公差,为近净成形的叶片在自适应加工中提供一种新的余量优化方法。     

Integrated optimization on aerodynamics-structure coupling and flight stability of a large airplane in preliminary design

The preliminary phase is significant during the whole design process of a large airplane because of its enormous potential in enhancing the overall performance. However, classical sequential designs can hardly adapt to modern airplanes, due to their repeated iterations, long periods, and massive computational burdens. Multidisciplinary analysis and optimization demonstrates the capability to tackle such complex design issues. In this paper, an integrated optimization method for the preliminary design of a large airplane is proposed, accounting for aerodynamics, structure, and stability. Aeroelastic responses are computed by a rapid three-dimensional flight load analysis method combining the high-order panel method and the structural elasticity correction. The flow field is determined by the viscous/inviscid iteration method, and the cruise stability is evaluated by the linear small-disturbance theory. Parametric optimization is carried out using genetic algorithm to seek the minimal weight of a simplified plate-beam wing structure in the cruise trim condition subject to aeroelastic, aerodynamic, and stability constraints, and the optimal wing geometry shape, front/rear spar positions, and structural sizes are obtained simultaneously. To reduce the computational burden of the static aeroelasticity analysis in the optimization process, the Kriging method is employed to predict aerodynamic influence coefficient matrices of different aerodynamic shapes. The multidisciplinary analyses guarantee computational accuracy and efficiency, and the integrated optimization considers the coupling effect sufficiently between different disciplines to improve the overall performance, avoiding the limitations of sequential approaches utilized currently.     

基于可行图的五轴在机测量探针轴向优化方法

针对不同探针轴向下红宝石球上触碰点会引入不同预行程误差导致标定精度和效率低的问题，提出了一种用于优化在机测量探针轴向的可行图构建方法。首先，根据包围盒算法计算各个测量点处免干涉的探针轴向。接着，利用机床运动学链建立红宝石球上触碰点与机床旋转轴的关系，进而构建机床转台旋转角度的可行图。为了提升检测精度，以减少红宝石球上触碰点和机床旋转轴方向变化为原则，优化测量路径上探针轴向，满足无干涉且红宝石球触碰点最少的条件。最后，以离心式叶轮为例进行验证，采用此方法不仅能保证红宝石球上触碰点个数最少而大幅度缩短标定时间，还能减少引入的机床误差量而提升测量精度，实验结果证明该方法重复性好、可行度高。     

新一代总线技术AFDX在箭载测量系统设计中的应用研究

传统的箭载测量系统数据传输由点到点的电缆完成,存在布线复杂、占用空间大、质量大、通信速率低等方面的不足,为此提出将新一代总线AFDX应用于箭载测量系统的设计思路。介绍了新一代基于以太网的总线技术AFDX,研究、比较了其技术特点和关键技术,并对基于AFDX的箭载测量系统数据综合网络拓扑结构进行了设计,为设计更高可靠性、更快通信速率、更强灵活性的箭载测量系统提供参考依据。     

氮化硅陶瓷切削仿真与实验

针对金刚石砂轮磨粒尺寸、形状的不规则性和空间位置不确定性的特点,采用球坐标中随机点产生的空间平面切分实体和截角多面体相结合的方法,并考虑氮化硅陶瓷工件的磨削亚表面形貌和裂纹损伤,建立了截角多面体磨粒和含有典型裂纹的工件模型。进行单颗磨粒切削氮化硅陶瓷的有限元仿真和实验,结果表明:磨削加工和数值仿真的磨削力值变化趋势相同,差值小于8%,切削力随砂轮转速增大而减小、随工件速度和切削深度增大而增大,而切削深度对切削力的影响程度最大。     

基于模糊数的战时导弹机动保障点选址灰局势决策

针对战时导弹机动保障点选址的不确定性特点建立了选址评价的指标体系,在假设定性属性指标都是梯形模糊数的状态下,采用灰局势决策方法对选址备选方案进行优选。通过实例分析表明,该方法可行、有效,对战时保障指挥决策具有一定的参考价值。     

多孔材料下气体爆炸转扩散燃烧的特性研究

为分析多孔材料对预混气体爆炸特性参数的影响效果,采用自主搭建的爆炸实验平台,探究不同孔隙度和厚度的多孔材料对当量比为1的甲烷/空气预混气体爆炸的作用行为。实验研究表明,不同孔隙度的多孔材料对爆炸火焰和超压具有促进或抑制两种不同的影响。孔隙度较小时,爆燃火焰传播速度随着材料厚度的增大而降低,并在厚度较大时,火焰有短暂的传播延时现象。孔隙度较大时,预混火焰冲击多孔材料时发生淬熄,但随后一段时间内,由于负压抽吸作用,在已爆区域一侧的材料表面产生扩散燃烧现象,且扩散燃烧程度与材料厚度成反比关系。多孔材料的固相结构能降低压力的泄放效率,同时可吸收能量,进而提高爆炸超压的上升速率,降低超压峰值。当每英寸长度孔数δ=10的多孔材料促进火焰传播时,与当量比为1的预混气体爆炸相比,超压峰值最大可提高约2倍,造成更严重的后果。火焰冲击δ=20的多孔材料时发生淬熄,最大超压衰减可达47.17%,δ=30时最大超压衰减了24.62%。