燃气蒸汽式发射系统内弹道若干问题研究

通过对燃气蒸汽式发射动力系统的研究，总结出影响内弹道计算精度的若干因素，并就其中几个影响较大的问题进行了详细的分析，开发研制出了一套用于预估内弹道性能的系统化程序。通过实验数据的比较，验证了适用于内弹道计算的数学物理模型，为燃气蒸汽式发射系统设计提供参考依据。     

激波在狭缝中绕射过程研究

针对固体火箭发动机药柱存在裂纹的情况，对运动激波在狭缝中绕射传播的非定常流场进行了计算，得到了清晰的流场变化图谱，从流场图中可分辨出激波在狭缝中的传播过程。对不同深宽比的狭缝进行研究，发现流场结构存在明显差别，在深宽比较小时狭缝内压力波振荡较小，当深宽比超过一定值时狭缝内的压力波产生剧烈振荡。研究结果表明，该方法可很好地描述激波在狭缝中的传播过程。     

石墨渗铜喉衬材料的微观结构与抗热震性能

采用粗粒级高强石墨加压渗铜工艺，制备了石墨渗铜(CIG：copper-impregnated graphite)喉衬材料。对其微观结构与抗热震性能的关系进行了研究。结果表明，由于渗铜提高了原石墨的热导率及整体增韧的综合效果，使石墨渗铜材料比通用的5种石墨材料具有更好的抗热震性能，更好地适应了小型高性能战术导弹、航天飞行器高压强大流量SRM对喉衬材料的要求。     

双模态冲压发动机燃烧室流场数值模拟研究

在三维、粘性、湍流及有化学反应的Navier-Stokes方程基础上，通过有限化学反应速率／涡扩散模型模化湍流燃烧，对以H2为燃料的双模态冲压发动机燃烧室流场进行了研究，分析了空燃比、燃料入射角、飞行马赫数对燃烧室工作模态的影响，并分析了燃烧室隔离段的作用。     

Promoting research and education in basic space science: the approach of the UN/ESA workshops

UN-affiliated regional centres for space science and technology education are being established or are in operation in Africa (Morocco, Nigeria), Asia and the Pacific (India), Latin America and the Caribbean (Brazil, Mexico), and Western Asia (Jordan). Education curricula at the university level, embracing remote sensing, satellite communications, satellite meteorology, and space science have been developed for these centres. This article briefly reports on the structure of the most recent updated education curricula in the four disciplines that have been made available for implementation in 2002 and 2003, in the six official languages of the United Nations. This is also an effort to bridge the gap between such education curricula as they vary significantly between nations and among educational institutions in nations.     

On the possibility of Earth-type habitable planets in the 55 Cancri system

We discuss the possibility of Earth-type planets in the planetary system of 55 Cancri, a nearby G8 V star, which is host to two, possibly three, giant planets. We argue that Earth-type planets around 55 Cancri are in principle possible. Several conditions are necessary. First, Earth-type planets must have formed despite the existence of the close-in giant planet(s). In addition, they must be orbitally stable in the region of habitability considering that the stellar habitable zone is relatively close to the star compared to the Sun because of 55 Cancri's low luminosity and may therefore be affected by the close-in giant planet(s). We estimate the likelihood of Earth-type planets around 55 Cancri based on the integrated system approach previously considered, which provides a way of assessing the long-term possibility of photosynthetic biomass production under geodynamic conditions.     

Finding extraterrestrial organisms living on thermosynthesis

During thermal cycling, organisms could live on thermosynthesis, a theoretical mechanism applicable to the origin of life and the early evolution of biological energy conversion. All extraterrestrial ice may be a repository for frozen dead or dormant organisms from earlier stages of evolution. In the presence of a thermal gradient within the ice, organisms might still be harvesting energy from thermosynthesis. Possible habitats for thermosynthesizers can be found throughout the Solar System, particularly in the cold traps on Mercury and the Moon, convecting waters on Mars, the oceans on moons in the outer Solar System, and smaller bodies rotating in the sunlight such as cosmic dust, meteorites, asteroids, and comets. A general strategy for detecting thermosynthetic organisms on Earth is offered, and highlights of current and upcoming robotic exploratory missions relevant to the detection of thermosynthesis are reviewed.     

Subfreezing activity of microorganisms and the potential habitability of Mars' polar regions

The availability of water-ice at the surface in the Mars polar cap and within the top meter of the high-latitude regolith raises the question of whether liquid water can exist there under some circumstances and possibly support the existence of biota. We examine the minimum temperatures at which liquid water can exist at ice grain-dust grain and ice grain-ice grain contacts, the minimum subfreezing temperatures at which terrestrial organisms can grow or multiply, and the maximum temperatures that can occur in martian high-latitude and polar regions, to see if there is overlap. Liquid water can exist at grain contacts above about -20 degrees C. Measurements of growth in organisms isolated from Siberian permafrost indicate growth at -10 degrees C and metabolism at -20 degrees C. Mars polar and high-latitude temperatures rise above -20 degrees C at obliquities greater than ~40 degrees, and under some conditions rise above 0 degrees C. Thus, the environment in the Mars polar regions has overlapped habitable conditions within relatively recent epochs, and Mars appears to be on the edge of being habitable at present. The easy accessibility of the polar surface layer relative to the deep subsurface make these viable locations to search for evidence of life.     

Large aerial bursts: an important class of terrestrial accretionary events

Large aerial bursts similar to the 1908 Tunguska bolide but much larger in magnitude have surely been responsible for many catastrophic events in the history of the Earth. Because aerial bursts produce shallow (or even negligible) craters, their existence is difficult to document in the geological record. Even aerial bursts as small as Tunguska deposit enough energy to melt approximately 1mm of dry soil. Silica-rich glass formed in such melts has the potential to survive in the soil for many Ma, thus a potential indicator of large aerial bursts is glass that was formed as thick regions within silicate melt sheets. The layered tektites from Southeast Asia and the Libyan desert glass may have formed by a combination of sedimentation and downslope flow of silicate melt heated by radiation from large aerial bursts. The alternative, formation of layered tektites as crater ejecta, cannot account for observations such as uniformly high 10Be contents, the orientation of the magnetic remanence field, and the absence of splash-form (e.g., teardrop or dumbbell) tektites in regions where layered tektites are common. The largest asteroids or comets make craters no matter what their strength. Recent reviews suggest that, for events in the energy range up to 10(19)-10(20) J (about two orders of magnitude larger than the Meteor Crater impact), aerial bursts are more likely than cratering events, and the layered tektites of Southeast Asia imply the existence of aerial bursts one to two orders of magnitude larger still.     

基于地磁场模型修正的自主定轨

地磁场模型存在的误差是磁测定轨精度较低的主要原因之一,为提高自主定轨的精度,本文采用扩展卡尔曼滤波作为处理磁测自主导航问题的滤波算法,以磁强计及星敏感器输出信号为测量信息,对卫星的位置及速度信息进行了估计,并对地磁场模型中几个重要的高斯系数进行了估计与修正。最后给出了数学仿真算例。