疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验数据的可靠性分析模型

以指定ΔＫ下的ｄａ／ｄＮ服从对数正态分布为基础，提出３种ｄａ／ｄＮ试验数据统计处理方法；依据一组４０ＣｒＮｉＭｏ材料的ＣＴ试样的试验数据处理结果，对３方法进行了分析对比。     

Comments on the Communication and Data Problems Associated with a Mars Trip During a Conjunction Phase

The analysis and comments presented in this paper are meant to establish the general communication parameters associated with Martian flyby probes and with lander and manned vehicles. Fundamental data transfer problems are reviewed to define comparisons and trends of tradeoffs for future studies. Selected focal points are based upon the long propagation path length, with inherent time delays, and the high noise produced by the sun. These problems are magnified because large quantities of data must be obtained to satisfy the needs of the scientific community and the curiosity of an interested public. A comparison of two communication systems is provided: the microwave spectrum and the optical spectrum, as represented by the microwaves at 2.3 GHz and the laser at 6328 ?. A method of cost effectiveness or value received from space missions (a criterion of power input for data quantity received) is also presented.     

Checkout: A Changing Technology

On-board/in-flight checkout of future aerospace systems will necessitate a fundamental departure from today's design and checkout activities. The interrelationship of checkout, incorporated into prime vehicular functions, man as a subsystem, and standardization Of hardware/software must be considered as a functional and integral entity if the efforts of today's long-range planning are to become tomorrow's reality. This paper will describe future systems checkout, maintenance and support considerations, and actions and tentative measures necessary for implementation. The realization of the implementation of these concepts into functional elements will depend, accurately and economically, upon the degree of government perceptiveness and the extent of industrial support.     

Advanced Development of ESG Strapdown Navigation Systems

The fundamental problem of inertial navigation, double integration of acceleration to obtain position, is defined and discussed. Mechanizations of both space-stable and local-vertical platform systems are exhibited. The synthesis problem for an electrically suspended gyro (ESG) strapdown system is defined and discussed: readout, readout errors due to vehicle motion, synchronization of readout with system computer, alignment, correction and calibration for mass unbalance drift, and digital mechanization. Alignment, calibration, and acceleration measurement are also discussed. Sources of error involved in the electronic gimbaling including those peculiar to strapdown configuration are discussed and compared to mechanically gimbaled systems. Advanced developments required in the component and systems areas are listed, and it is shown that such development will lead to reduced complexity, higher accuracy, and increased reliability and utility for inertial systems.     

Recent developments in micrometeoroid simulation

In the first part the state of the art of the most advanced micrometeoroid simulation techniques is reviewed. Then a new accelerator is described, which was developed jointly by the Technische Universität München and the N.A.S.A. George C. Marshall Space Flight Center. Finally the use of this new technique is indicated for basic research in fields other than astronautics.     

低轨卫星面阵凝视成像技术研究

文章介绍了面阵凝视成像的工作原理及特点，阐述了低轨卫星对地观测凝视成像面临的像移问题及其解决措施，对像移补偿装置与二维指向机构的结合做了初步探讨。     

现代小卫星发展概述

为了区别早期发射的小型卫星，目前的小型卫星统称为现代小卫星。这种卫星在“沙漠惊雷”，“沙漠之狐”和北约空袭南联盟的战争中起到了异乎寻常的作用。简要分析了现代小卫星的概念、发展前提，发展趋势和模式等，并对发展小卫星提出了自己的见解。     

GPCM控制气动伺服系统的理论分析与实验研究

广义脉冲编码调制（ＧＰＣＭ）控制是针对脉冲编码调制（ＰＣＭ）控制气动系统中控制精度与控制范围、稳定性与快速性之间的矛盾而提出的。本文建立了ＧＰＣＭ控制气动伺服系统的数学模型，并进行了详细的仿真和实验研究，结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

耦合多体系统动力响应计算

由于弹性体与刚体之间的动力耦合，使得耦合多体系统的特征值问题非自共轭，难以用经典的模态分析方法解决含有刚、弹耦合多体系统的动力响应问题。本文以某多体系统为例，建立了耦合多体系统的特征值和边值问题的增广公式，进而求得了用正交的增广特征矢量级数表示的系统对任意激励的响应。     

Planetary Missions of the 20th Century*

Among of the highlights of the 20^th century were flights of spacecraft to other bodies of the Solar System. This paper describes briefly the missions attempted, their goals, and fate. Information is presented in five tables on the missions launched, their goals, mission designations, dates, discoveries when successful, and what happened if they failed. More detailed explanations are given in the accompanying text. It is shown how this enterprise developed and evolved step by step from a politically driven competition to intense scientific investigations and international cooperation. Initially, only the USA and USSR sent missions to the Moon and planets. Europe and Japan joined later. The USSR carried out significant research in Solar System exploration until the end of the 1980s. The Russian Federation no longer supports robotic planetary exploration for economic reasons, and it remains to be seen whether the invaluable Russian experience in planetary space flight will be lost. Collaboration between Russian and other national space agencies may be a solution.