基于决策级数据融合的可靠性综合验证方法

可靠性验证试验是检验产品的可靠性水平是否达到要求而进行的试验,是一项重要的可靠性活动.价格昂贵或者可靠性水平较高的设备,按照经典的抽样方案进行试验,时间和费用几乎是不能承受的.为了解决上述实际问题,针对成功率的抽样检验方案,利用证据理论方法,研究了基于研制试验数据、可靠性评估结果和专家信息的基本可信度分配函数的构建方法,并给出了基于决策级数据融合的可靠性综合验证试验模型.同时,对可靠性综合验证模型的性质进行了讨论,确定了可靠性综合验证试验方案的存在性,并提出了方案的选取原则.模型可以广泛地利用研制信息,并可以统一给出基于不同分布类型和不同信息的可靠性综合验证试验方案.通过示例表明该方法可以利用各种研制信息,达到减少可靠性验证试验样本的目的.     

航天器反作用轮扰动建模及参数辨识

为预测反作用轮微振动对航天器产生的影响,提出了一种改进的扰动模型.由于共振造成的扰动放大是反作用轮扰动对卫星姿态精度的最重要影响,改进模型通过引入放大系数体现结构固有频率对扰动的影响.鉴于改进模型的非线性特性,应用模拟退火遗传算法对改进模型进行了参数辨识.设计刚性六分量力测试平台对反作用轮扰动进行测试,并利用实测数据对改进模型及参数辨识结果进行验证.验证结果表明:改进模型准确地反映了反作用轮的扰动特点,模拟退火遗传算法可以提高参数辨识的精度.     

航空供氧系统高空性能参数数值仿真

根据航空供氧系统高空性能的工作原理,利用理论简化结构模型和气体动力学知识,建立了供氧系统部分高空性能参数的数学模型.在Matlab/Simulink系统仿真环境下,对高空部分性能参数进行了数值仿真计算,分析了高空性能中的充氧时间控制以及供氧面罩余压与拉力管内压力的比值特性和各种结构参数对面罩余压大小的影响.通过对仿真计算结果与试验结果的对比分析,表明所建立的数学模型是有效的,采用的仿真计算方法符合计算精度要求,对供氧系统高空性能的设计和改进工作具有一定的参考作用.     

机翼热气防冰系统设计

利用热流体系统仿真分析平台Flowmaster和计算流体力学软件Fluent进行联合仿真,对机翼热气防冰系统进行了设计和性能分析.设计参数包括防冰系统笛形管热气喷口孔径、孔数及孔间距等参数.基于Flowmaster对所设计的供气管路进行供气流量分配计算.基于Fluent模拟防冰腔内流动与换热,计算了防冰腔的热效率.根据防冰热载荷及热效率结果预测每段缝翼防冰所需热气流量,引入参数供气余度来分析防冰系统热性能.所提出的热气防冰系统设计方法可为热气防冰系统的工程设计与优化提供重要的帮助.     

The radiation environment in the ISS-USLab measured by ALTEA: Spectra and relative nuclear abundances in the polar,equatorial and SAA regions

We present here the energy spectra relative to different geomagnetic regions as measured by the ALTEA (Anomalous Long Term Effects on Astronauts) detector in the International Space Station – USLab from August 2006 to July 2007.     

航天应用FPGA配置可靠性研究

航天应用系统必须保证每一单元的安全性及可靠性. 现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA), 以其I/O管脚丰富、设计灵活等优势, 逐渐被广泛应用于航天领域. 其设计与工艺不断完善, 以适应太空中电子辐射等复杂的工作环境. 由于基于SRAM的FPGA芯片断电后程序丢失, 因此每次上电后都需要先从PROM等外部存储器中加载程序才能正常工作. 然而, 并不是每一个芯片的每一次加载配置都能成功完成, FPGA的上电配置结果将直接关系到卫星任务的成败. 研究发现, 诸如环境温度、信号完整性、供电电压、配置时钟速率等因素会影响FPGA的配置过程, 致使出现偶尔的配置失败, 这在航天应用中是绝对不允许的. 针对实际应用的Xilinx公司FPGA芯片, 为提高上电配置可靠性, 提出了一系列设计保障措施, 在FPGA航天应用领域具有一定的参考价值.      

半捷联式导引头视线转率提取算法

捷联式光学导引头的探测装置直接固联于弹体上,许多现有的制导信息处理方法都不再适用.对半捷联式导引头进行研究,根据其与常平架式与捷联式导引头不同的配置方式,推导了滚仰式和偏航俯仰式半捷联导引头视线转率提取算法,并分析了影响半捷联导引头视线转率提取精度的主要因素及误差传递关系,通过Simulink仿真验证了算法的正确性.      

Ionospheric response of equatorial and low latitude F-region during the intense geomagnetic storm on 24–25 August 2005

In this investigation, we present and discuss the response of the ionospheric F-region in the South American and East Asian sectors during an intense geomagnetic storm in August 2005. The geomagnetic storm studied reached a minimum Dst of −216 nT at 12:00 UT on 24 August. In this work ionospheric sounding data obtained of 24, 25, and 26 August 2005 at Palmas (PAL; 10.2° S, 48.2° W; dip latitude 6.6° S), São José dos Campos (SJC, 23.2° S, 45.9° W; dip latitude 17.6° S), Brazil, Ho Chi Minh City, (HCM; 10.5° N, 106.3° E; dip latitude 2.9° N), Vietnam, Okinawa (OKI; 26.3° N, 127.8° E; dip latitude 21.2° N), Japan, are presented. Also, the GPS observations obtained at different stations in the equatorial and low-latitude regions in the Brazilian sector are presented. On the night of 24–25 August 2005, the h′F variations show traveling ionospheric disturbances associated with Joule heating in the auroral zone from SJC to PAL. The foF2 variations show a positive storm phase on the night of 24–25 August at PAL and SJC during the recovery phase. Also, the GPS-VTEC observations at several stations in the Brazilian sector show a fairly similar positive storm phase on 24 August. During the fast decrease of Dst (between 10:00 and 11:00 UT) on 24 August, there is a prompt penetration of electric field of magnetospheric origin that result in abrupt increase (∼12:00 UT) in foF2 at PAL, SJC (Brazil) and OKI (Japan) and in VTEC at IMPZ, BOMJ, PARA and SMAR (Brazil). OKI showed strong oscillations of the F-region on the night 24 August resulted to the propagation of traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs) by Joule heating in the auroral region. These effects result a strong positive observed at OKI station. During the daytime on 25 August, in the recovery phase, the foF2 observations showed positive ionospheric storm at HCM station. Some differences in the latitudinal response of the F-region is also observed in the South American and East Asian sectors.     

Relativistic electron fluxes and dose rate variations during April–May 2010 geomagnetic disturbances in the R3DR data on ISS

Space radiation has been monitored successfully using the Radiation Risks Radiometer-Dosimeter (R3D) installed at the ESA EXPOSE-R (R3DR) facility outside of the Russian Zvezda module of the International Space Station (ISS) between March 2009 and January 2011. R3DR is a Liulin type spectrometer–dosimeter with a single Si PIN detector 2 cm² of area and 0.3 mm thick. The R3DR instrument accumulated about 2 million measurements of the absorbed dose rate and flux of 10 s resolution. The total external and internal shielding before the detector of R3DR device is 0.41 g cm⁻². The calculated stopping energy of normally incident particles to the detector is 0.78 MeV for electrons and 15.8 MeV for protons. After the Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) at 09:54 UTC on 3 April 2010, a shock was observed at the ACE spacecraft at 0756 UTC on 5 April, which led to a sudden impulse on Earth at 08:26 UTC. Nevertheless, while the magnetic substorms on 5 and 6 of April were moderate; the second largest in history of GOES fluence of electrons with energy >2 MeV was measured. The R3DR data show a relatively small amount of relativistic electrons on 5 April. The maximum dose rate of 2323 μGy day⁻¹ was reached on 7 April; by 9 April, a dose of 6600 μGy was accumulated. By the end of the period on 7 May 2010 a total dose of 11,587 μGy was absorbed. Our data were compared with AE-8 MIN, CRESS and ESA-SEE1 models using SPENVIS and with similar observations on American, Japanese and Russian satellites.     

组合航天器转动惯量在轨两步辨识标定

在轨辨识转动惯量参数是主动航天器与非合作空间目标构成组合体后实现高精度姿态控制的重要前提,文章提出了一种两步在轨辨识组合航天器转动惯量参数的方法。第一步以航天器本体坐标系滚动轴转动惯量为基准将转动惯量矩阵归一化,得到特殊的转动惯量比矩阵,建立与其相关的姿态动力学模型,提出了基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的在轨辨识算法,基于星上陀螺角速率测量信息在100s左右辨识出所有转动惯量比参数,克服了由于模型简单导致转动惯量信息辨识不完整的缺点;第二步基于第一步辨识得到的转动惯量比参数,采用最小二乘算法辨识得到滚动轴转动惯量值,计算量小,消耗能量少。最后给出仿真算例,辨识精度基本在1|之内,验证了方法的有效性。