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81.
V. I. Moroz 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1985,5(12):113-121
There is important progress now in the identifications and measurements of primary (parent) molecules in the inner coma of Comet Halley. H2O, CO2 and CO are definitely in the list, CH and some complicate organic molecules are suspected. Gas production rate for water vapor is QH2O 1030 s−1. The bulk of data doesn't contradict to the Whipple model of nucleus (with clathrate modification). Pronounced spatial structure of gaseous flow in the coma was observed, but in general measured properties of neutral gas in the coma of Comet Halley are not very different from predicted. Situation for dust is different. In situ dust measurements show that size spectrum and optical properties of particles in coma are substantively declining from predicted on the base of groundbased photometry. However there are discrepancies between Vega and Giotto dust counter data. Dust in the inner coma didn't prevent the succesful imaging of nucleus by TV on Vega 1 and 2. 相似文献
82.
B V Worgul W Krebs J P Koniarek 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1989,9(10):315-323
Efforts to assess radiation risk in space have been complicated by the considerable unknowns regarding the biological effects of the heavy ion component (HZE particles) of the cosmic rays. The attention has focused primarily on the assignation of a quality factor (Q) which would take into account the greater effectiveness of heavy ions vis-a-vis other forms of ionizing radiation. If however, as the so-called "Microlesion Theory" allows, the passage of HZE particles through living tissue produces unique biological damage, the traditional use of Q becomes meaningless. Therefore, it is critical to determine if microlesions, in fact, do exist. While the concept does not necessarily require detectable morphological damage, "tunnel-lesions" or holes in ocular tissues have been cited as evidence of microlesions. These data, however, are open to reinterpretation. On-going light, scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies of the corneas, lenses and retinas of rat eyes exposed to 450 MeV/amu 56Fe ions thus far have not revealed tunnel-lesion damage. The morphological effects of the heavy ions have been found to be qualitatively similar to the changes following other kinds of ionizing radiation. 相似文献
83.
A. Kiraga Z. K
os V. N. Oraevsky V. C. Dokukin S. A. Pulinets 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1995,15(12):21-24
There were several cases when modulated electron beam had been injected from APEX satellite into an otherwise unmodified ionospheric plasma. The beams were formed from 2 μs pulses repeated at a rate of 40kHz. Injections took place in the altitude range 400–1100km over Europe. The onboard receiver connected to the dipole antenna swept the frequency interval 1–10 MHz in 1 sec. Due to a relatively narrow receiver bandwidth (15 kHz), moderate frequency step (50 kHz), slow changes of fn and fc (local electron plasma and gyro frequencies) fine structure of excited emissions was detected. In many cases, a very prominent doublet could be convincingly identified as a (fn,fu=sqrt(fn*fn+fc*fc)) band, with fn practically equal to the local plasma frequency in the unperturbed ionosphere. Determination of plasma frequency is of prime importance in analysis of complex structures composed from various harmonics fn,fc,fu. Complexity is manifested as coalescing of various harmonics with maxima shifted from nominal frequencies or splitting them into components due to mixing of local and propagation effects. Despite the existence of strong emissions on frequencies characteristic for the unperturbed ionosphere, very strong broadcasting transmissions are frequently cut off, even when the beam is directed upward. Most typical spectra are discussed. 相似文献
84.
V.E. Kunitsyn A.M. Padokhin A.E. Vasiliev G.A. Kurbatov V.L. Frolov G.P. Komrakov 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
The purpose of this work is to report the experimental evidences for the influence of perturbations in the electron density in the dayside mid-latitude ionosphere, that are caused by high-frequency heating of the F2 layer, on the GNSS signals. The experiments were carried out at the Sura heater (Radio Physical Research Institute, N. Novgorod). During the sessions of ionospheric heating with different time modulations of the radiated power the rays linking the navigational satellites with the ground receiver intersected the heated region. Variations in the total electron content (TEC) were studied; these variations are proportional to the reduced phases of navigational signals. It is shown that with the square-wave modulation of the radiated power (with periods of 1, 6, 10 and 15 min), perturbations with periods of the main modulation of heating and its harmonics appear in the spectrum of TEC variations. Examples are presented of identification of the heating-induced variations in TEC, including determination of the amplitudes and time characteristics of these variations. 相似文献
85.
N. I. Akishev I. I. Zakirov V. A. Ivanov V. N. Paimushin M. A. Shishov 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2011,54(2):115-124
The known analytical solutions of the linearized stability problems for rectangular hinged plates under the combined loading
are generalized to the similar problems for skew plates, the deformation mechanics of which is described by the equations
of the classical theory formed in the oblique Cartesian coordinates. 相似文献
86.
In this paper, we examine experimentally some devices the principle of action of which is based on using the dynamic pressure
of air extracted to engine cooling and which are meant for reducing the radial temperature gradient in GTE rotor disks. We
established that the devices equipped with the ejector channels make it possible to accelerate the process of the disk hub
heating by hot air suction from the cavity periphery towards the rotor axis of rotation. Using the data of visualization studies,
we show the possibility for efficient operation of ejector devices in the conditions of real GTE rotor circumferential velocities. 相似文献
87.
A technique of optimizing the electrode system of the differential recorder for the aircraft time-of-flight ion-marking airspeed
and aircraft angle of attack sensor by the criterion of ion-marking recording error variance minimum is considered. The technique
is based on analyzing the function of spatial distribution for the ion-marking and recorder electrode interaction field potential
and determining a point for which this function reaches the maximum slope. The relations making it possible to synthesize
the sensor electrode system by the complex criterion as a ratio of error variance to transformation channel response are obtained. 相似文献
88.
The basic steps of an algorithm are given for calculating the parameters of the limiting state of a helicopter main rotor
blade. To estimate the static strength, a technique of elastic constants variation is used; it is based on the limit equilibrium
theory and enables us to obtain the upper and lower bounds for the critical load simultaneously. An iterative technique is
proposed to determine the lower bound of the allowable load on the root section of the composite blade depending on the azimuthal
angle of its turn in the helicopter hovering mode. 相似文献
89.
A technique of analyzing the flutter initiation in flat plate compressor cascades was developed. The viscous and inviscid
flow study was carried out using the COBRA solver based on the modified implicit Godunov method and unsteady implicit method
updated for using. The flutter conditions were revealed and the effect of taking into account viscosity, angles of attack
and time steps was investigated. 相似文献
90.
V. A. Futin 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2011,54(2):165-169
The influence of the clearance between the case and blade ends of the semi-open impeller on the centrifugal stage characteristics
is considered using the experimental data and numerical calculation results. 相似文献