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831.
The basic principles of selecting some design parameters of a lightweight airplane for the contemporary Russian market are presented. Recommendations for selecting these parameters with the service requirements specified are given based on the study performed. 相似文献
832.
The possibility of using solar sails in Earth orbit is investigated. The characteristic parameters of a solar sail consisting of six spheres attached by mutually orthogonal long rods are estimated. 相似文献
833.
T Naitoh M Yamashita A Izumi-Kurotani I Takabatake R J Wassersug 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2000,25(10):2015-2018
Amphibians possess the ability to vomit in response to a variety of stimuli that provoke emesis in mammals. Pharmacological studies have establish that the ejection of gastric contents and the basic mechanism for vomiting have been phylogenetically conserved among these tetrapods. As part of on-going comparative studies on emesis in vertebrates, we previously documented that some postmetamorphic anurans and salamander larvae experience motion-induced emesis when exposed to the provocative stimulus of parabolic aircraft flight. However, more recent experiments suggest that there are strict conditions for inducing emesis in amphibians exposed to parabolic flight and that amphibians are not as sensitive to this stimulus as mammals. Further studies on emesis in lower vertebrates may help us understand the processes that cause emesis in abnormal gravitational regimes. 相似文献
834.
K Nitta K Otsubo A Ashida 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2000,26(2):335-338
CEEF (Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities) were installed at Rokkasho village in northern Japan, for the purpose of clarifying life-support mechanisms in a completely closed space, such as a Lunar or Mars base. An integration test using the Closed Plantation Experiment Facility and Closed Animal Breeding & Habitation Experiment Facility is needed before conducting an entire closed experiment including plants, animals and humans. These integration tests are planned to be conducted step by step from fiscal 2001 to 2008. 相似文献
835.
The Monitor-E spacecraft executed uncontrolled flight due to emergency situation, no telemetry information on parameters of the spacecraft’s
attitude motion being available. So, the problem arose to determine the spacecraft’s rotational motion from the accessible
indirect information—the electric current provided by solar batteries. In this paper the integrated statistical technique
is described, that allows one to solve this problem. The values of current, obtained over the time interval some tens of minutes
long, have been processed simultaneously by the least squares method using the integration of the equations of spacecraft’s
rotational motion. As a result of processing, the initial conditions of motion were estimated, and the spacecraft’s moments
of inertia were updated, as well as the angles, specifying solar batteries position in the spacecraft-fixed coordinate system.
The results of processing of 12 data sets are presented, which allowed us to reconstruct the actual rotational motion of the
spacecraft. 相似文献
836.
Purpose of the work is to analyze and to summarize the data of investigations into human hemodynamics performed over 20 years aboard orbital stations Salyut-7 and Mir with participation of 26 cosmonauts on space flights (SF) from 8 to 438 days in duration. The ultrasonic techniques and occlusive plethysmography demonstrated dynamics of changes in the cardiovascular system during SF of various durations. The parameters of general hemodynamics, the pumping function of the heart and arterial circulation in the brain remained stable in all the space flights; however, there were alterations in peripheral circulation associated with blood redistribution and hypovolemie in microgravity. The anti-gravity distribution of the vascular tone decayed gradually as unneeded. The most considerable changes were observed in leg vessels, equally in arteries (decrease in resistance) and veins (increase in maximum capacity). The lower body negative pressure test (LBNP) revealed deterioration of the gravity-dependent reactions that changed for the worse as SF duration extended. The cardiovascular deconditioning showed itself as loss of descent acceleration tolerance and orthostatic instability in the postflight period. 相似文献
837.
Gustavo A. Mansilla 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
This paper reports the global response of the mid high and low latitude ionosphere in four longitudinal sectors to two moderate geomagnetic storms that occurred during 2007 (the more intense storms occurred that year). The results obtained during these storms show that the ionospheric effects in general are not moderate in magnitude, showing an important degree of complexity as during intense storms. The outstanding features produced during the storms are significant positive storm effects at mid-high latitudes during the main phase/first part of the recovery, positive effects after the onset of the storm followed by negatives effects at middle latitudes and delayed positive effects during the night-time hours in the trough of the equatorial anomaly (“dusk” effect). Possible physical mechanisms for controlling the morphology of the ionosphere during these events are considered. 相似文献
838.
Nicole D. Buckley Claude P. Champagne Adriana I. Masotti Lisa E. Wagar Thomas A. Tompkins Julia M. Green-Johnson 《Acta Astronautica》2011,68(7-8):731-738
Astronauts face numerous health challenges during long-duration space missions, including diminished immunity, bone loss and increased risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. Changes in the intestinal flora of astronauts may contribute to these problems. Soy-based fermented food products could provide a nutritional strategy to help alleviate these challenges by incorporating beneficial lactic acid bacteria, while reaping the benefits of soy isoflavones. We carried out strain selection for the development of soy ferments, selecting strains of lactic acid bacteria showing the most effective growth and fermentation ability in soy milk (Streptococcus thermophilus ST5, Bifidobacterium longum R0175 and Lactobacillus helveticus R0052). Immunomodulatory bioactivity of selected ferments was assessed using an in vitro challenge system with human intestinal epithelial and macrophage cell lines, and selected ferments show the ability to down-regulate production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 following challenge with tumour necrosis factor-alpha. The impact of fermentation on vitamin B1 and B6 levels and on isoflavone biotransformation to agluconic forms was also assessed, with strain variation-dependent biotransformation ability detected. Overall this suggests that probiotic bacteria can be successfully utilized to develop soy-based fermented products targeted against health problems associated with long-term space travel. 相似文献
839.
We consider the problem of a spacecraft subjected to constant body-fixed forces and moments about all three axes during a spinning-up, thrusting maneuver. In applications, undesired forces and moments can arise due to thruster imbalances and misalignments and to center-of-mass offset. In previous works, approximate analytical solutions have been found for the attitude motion, and for the change in inertial velocity and inertial position. In this paper we find asymptotic and limiting-case expressions which we derive from the analytic solutions, in order to obtain simplified, practical formulas that lend insight into the motion. Specifically, we investigate how the motion evolves (1) as time grows without bound and (2) for geometric cases of the sphere, the thin rod, and the thin plate. Closed-forms or upper-bound limits are provided for angular velocities, Eulerian angles, angular momentum pointing error, transverse and axial velocities, and transverse and axial displacements. Summaries for the asymptotic limits (for zero initial conditions) are provided in tabular form. Results are verified by numerical simulations. 相似文献
840.
Shtessel Yuri B. Shkolnikov Ilya A. Levant Arie 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2009,45(1):110-124
A new smooth second-order sliding mode control (SSOSM) is proposed and proved for a system driven by uncertain sufficiently smooth disturbances. The main target application of this technique, the missile interceptor guidance-control system against targets performing evasive maneuvers, is considered to demonstrate benefits of this design for a two-loop integration of guidance and flight control systems. The designed guidance-control system performance is verified via computer simulations using a miniature hypervelocity kinetic energy endo-atmospheric interceptor planar model. 相似文献