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971.
972.
973.
Nicholas Achilleos Nicolas André Xochitl Blanco-Cano Pontus C. Brandt Peter A. Delamere Robert Winglee 《Space Science Reviews》2015,187(1-4):229-299
The rapid rotation of the gas giant planets, Jupiter and Saturn, leads to the formation of magnetodisc regions in their magnetospheric environments. In these regions, relatively cold plasma is confined towards the equatorial regions, and the magnetic field generated by the azimuthal (ring) current adds to the planetary dipole, forming radially distended field lines near the equatorial plane. The ensuing force balance in the equatorial magnetodisc is strongly influenced by centrifugal stress and by the thermal pressure of hot ion populations, whose thermal energy is large compared to the magnitude of their centrifugal potential energy. The sources of plasma for the Jovian and Kronian magnetospheres are the respective satellites Io (a volcanic moon) and Enceladus (an icy moon). The plasma produced by these sources is globally transported outwards through the respective magnetosphere, and ultimately lost from the system. One of the most studied mechanisms for this transport is flux tube interchange, a plasma instability which displaces mass but does not displace magnetic flux—an important observational constraint for any transport process. Pressure anisotropy is likely to play a role in the loss of plasma from these magnetospheres. This is especially the case for the Jovian system, which can harbour strong parallel pressures at the equatorial segments of rotating, expanding flux tubes, leading to these regions becoming unstable, blowing open and releasing their plasma. Plasma mass loss is also associated with magnetic reconnection events in the magnetotail regions. In this overview, we summarise some important observational and theoretical concepts associated with the production and transport of plasma in giant planet magnetodiscs. We begin by considering aspects of force balance in these systems, and their coupling with the ionospheres of their parent planets. We then describe the role of the interaction between neutral and ionized species, and how it determines the rate at which plasma mass and momentum are added to the magnetodisc. Following this, we describe the observational properties of plasma injections, and the consequent implications for the nature of global plasma transport and magnetodisc stability. The theory of the flux tube interchange instability is reviewed, and the influences of gravity and magnetic curvature on the instability are described. The interaction between simulated interchange plasma structures and Saturn’s moon Titan is discussed, and its relationship to observed periodic phenomena at Saturn is described. Finally, the observation, generation and evolution of plasma waves associated with mass loading in the magnetodisc regions is reviewed. 相似文献
974.
A. N. Kusyumov E. V. Romanova A. S. Batrakov R. R. Nurmukhametov G. N. Barakos 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2012,55(3):263-268
We consider a problem of a stationary incompressible viscous fluid flow around a flat circular cylinder. In the vicinity of the critical Reynolds number Re cr a stepwise drop of the cylinder drag takes place, which is called the drag crisis. 相似文献
975.
V. V. Tsatiashvili 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2013,56(1):50-58
The results of analyzing an impact of mixing velocity on the stoichiometric surface of a laminar diffusion methane-air flame on nitric oxides formation are presented. The conclusion about the nonlinear and steady decrease of nitric oxides emission at the increase of mixing velocity is made. The relationship is presented, showing that at the expense of non-equilibrium effects it is possible to provide a significant decrease of nitric oxides emission in diffusion combustion. 相似文献
976.
This paper presents the results of three-dimensional numerical studies of hydrodynamics and heat exchange on the models of flat plates in the jet airflow. These results are compared with the experimental data. A three-dimensional model for determining the thermal condition of the nozzle clusters in the conjugated formulation is proposed. Also presented are the data on optimization of the system used for the jet airflow around the duct platforms of the nozzle clusters. 相似文献
977.
The problem of fracture mechanics for the solid propellant deteriorated by a crack-shaped cavity, the surface of which burns
is considered. It is assumed that the propellant reagents are uniformly distributed in the solid phase while the combustion
products are gaseous. The sufficient condition for the “combustion -fracture” stability regime is obtained. 相似文献
978.
V. A. Sorokin N. N. Zakharov M. S. Sharov L. S. Yanovskii 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2010,53(3):295-302
The results of experimental investigations of gasodynamic characteristics of a combustion chamber model in the integrated
power plant (IPP) with an asymmetric air intake are presented. The influence of an angle of air supply into the chamber model
on hydraulic losses and the flow structure is shown at different air flowrates, relative values of the minimal flow section
area of the feeding air intake pipes, under changes of the flowrate of gas simulating gas generation products and geometric
model parameters. A technique for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide simulating IPP gas generation products in
the combustion chamber air flow and the results of experimental investigations of a mixture formation process in the combustion
chamber model are described. 相似文献
979.
There are many sophisticated models and methods for estimating the size, cost, and schedule of software projects. However, the ability to accurately estimate software cost, size, or schedule is still dubious. In general, the predictive accuracy of models for estimating software development cost and schedule has not been shown to be better than “within 25 percent of actual cost or schedule, about one half of the time”, especially for Department of Defense software efforts. The same is true for software size estimating models and methods, although there are some studies that have shown superior results. For software support (or maintenance) cost estimation, no model has been demonstrated to be accurate. This paper presents a summary of efforts performed to date which demonstrate the accuracy (or lack thereof) of software models. The results of several studies in the areas of software development cost and schedule estimation, size estimation, and support cost estimation are presented to show what these models can and cannot do. Some ideas for improvement are also presented, including the results of some studies which may lead to a resolution of the accuracy conundrum which currently exists 相似文献
980.
分析了Intranet中的不安全性 ,根据具体的实践体会从WindowsNT、SQLServer及动态网页脚本语言ASP等方面论述了与安全因素有关的技术漏洞 ,给出了克服不安全问题的技术并进行了探讨。 相似文献