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781.
The remote sensing of comets in the ultraviolet bandpass has been a valuable tool for studying the structure, composition,
variability, and physical processes at work in cometary comae. By extension, these studies of comae have revealed key insights
into the composition of cometary nuclei. Here we briefly review the ultraviolet studies of comets, and then take a look toward
the future of such work as anticipated by the advent of several key new instruments.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
782.
A method is substantiated to ensure energy security for the satellite communication systems (SCS) at a close position of the
radio interception receiver. This is done by lowering the carrier frequency down to f
0 = 60…80 MHz and by applying spaced measurements with n ≥ 4 receiving antennas. 相似文献
783.
A. V. Tavrov O. I. Korablev A. V. Rodin I. I. Vinogradov A. Yu. Trokhimovsky A. Yu. Ivanov L. V. Ksanfomaliti D. A. Orlov 《Cosmic Research》2011,49(2):99-109
In order to observe exoplanets we propose a space-based achromatic stellar coronagraph combined with a 0.8–1.5 m telescope.
We develop an achromatic common path interferometer for observing an exoplanet (a faint off-axis source) on the background
of a hoste star (bright axial source). An image of the star and its copy acquire an achromatic phase shift by 180° and interfere
in antiphase. The achromatic phase shift is caused by geometric phase in the scheme of a three-dimensional interferometer.
The interference process divides spatially the dark and light fields of the star image redirecting them to the opposite sides
of a beam splitter. The interference process does not weaken the image of a planet, with equal intensities it is redirected
to both sides of a beam splitter. The suggested scheme of common path interferometer ensures mechanical stability. The background
signal is experimentally demonstrated to be reduced by six orders of magnitude. 相似文献
784.
Jean A. Kéchichian 《Acta Astronautica》2011,68(11-12):1914-1930
An efficient self-contained trajectory optimization software is generated by making use of de Pontécoulant's analytic lunar theory removing the need for an outside third body ephemeris program to compute the lunar and solar position vectors at each integration step. The accelerations being further resolved along the rotating Euler–Hill frame after expansion to third order in the spacecraft radial distance, the adjoint differential equations are derived in a direct manner complementing the generation of the dynamic system of equations for full compatibility. Because the variation of parameters equations are cast in terms of the nonsingular equinoctial elements with the perturbation accelerations resolved in their analytic form along the rotating axes, the adjoint equations are also derived in the same manner providing a highly efficient and accurate system of equations for rapid computations in conjunction with Aerospace Corporation's NLP2 nonlinear programming codes to search for the initial values of the multipliers that steer the spacecraft towards its target orbit in minimum time. Numerical simulations show that the solutions obtained by the analysis developed in this paper are essentially identical to the more indirect approach based on the use of inertial accelerations obtained from a separate ephemeris generator and subsequent conversions to the thrust frame and equinoctial system. 相似文献
785.
In oceanographics situations where salt fingers may be an important mechanism for the transport of heat and salt in the vertical direction, velocity shears may also be present. Salt finger convection is analogous to Bénard convection in that the kinetic energy of the motions is obtained from the potential energy stored in the unstable distribution of a stratifying component. On the basis of the thermal analogy it is of interest to discover whether salt fingers are converted into two-dimensional sheets by wind shear, and how the vertical fluxes of heat and salt are changed by wind shear. Salt finger convection under the effect of steady wind shear is theoretically examined in this paper. The evolution of instability developing in the presence of a vertical density gradient disturbance and the horizontal Couette flow is considered near the onset of salt fingers under a moderate rate of shear. We use velocity as the basic variable and solve the pressure Poisson equation in terms of the associated Green function. Growth competition between the longitudinal rolls (LR) and the transverse rolls (TR), whose axes are, respectively, in the direction parallel to and perpendicular to the Couette flow, is investigated by the weakly nonlinear analysis of coupled-mode equations. The results show that the TR mode is stable under a small wind shear and the LR mode is stable for a higher wind shear. 相似文献
786.
I. A. Galiullin 《Cosmic Research》2011,49(2):175-178
The constraints imposed on parameters of a force field and of a symmetrical gyrostat in it are determined, at which regular
precession of this gyrostat demonstrate Lyapunov stability (or, respectively, instability). 相似文献
787.
V D Kern 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1999,24(6):697-706
In order to achieve perfect positioning of their lamellae for spore dispersal, fruiting bodies of higher fungi rely on the omnipresent force gravity. Only accurate negatively gravitropic orientation of the fruiting body cap will guarantee successful reproduction. A spaceflight experiment during the STS-55 Spacelab mission in 1993 confirmed that the factor gravity is employed for spatial orientation. Most likely every hypha in the transition zone between the stipe and the cap region is capable of sensing gravity. Sensing presumably involves slight sedimentation of nuclei which subsequently causes deformation of the net-like arrangement of F-actin filament strands. Hyphal elongation is probably driven by hormone-controlled activation and redistribution of vesicle traffic and vesicle incorporation into the vacuoles and cell walls to subsequently cause increased water uptake and turgor pressure. Stipe bending is achieved by way of differential growth of the flanks of the upper-most stipe region. After reorientation to a horizontal position, elongation of the upper flank hyphae decreases 40% while elongation of the lower flank slightly increases. On the cellular level gravity-stimulated vesicle accumulation was observed in hyphae of the lower flank. 相似文献
788.
Future space exploration may involve communications between spacecraft moving at relativistic velocities. One of the significant problems associated with such communication is spectral distortion of signals which are propagated between relativistic frames. This distortion is generated by both changing propagation distances and purely relativistic electromagnetic field transformations. In this paper a linear integral transformation is formulated for relating the Fourier spectra of the source antenna excitation current and the resulting incident electric field at the receiving antenna. The kernel of the transformation is evaluated for the case of a steerable source antenna tracking on the advanced receiver position. The transformation is then applied to the case of an ideal thin-wire half-wave dipole source antenna excited by a narrowband, double-sideband modulated current. The specific distortions of spectral spreading and translation are then related to increased bandwidth and upper cutoff frequency requirements of receiving systems in relativistic applications. 相似文献
789.
Kapoor R. Banerjee A. Tsihrintzis G.A. Nandhakumar N. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1999,35(3):819-834
We address the problem of detection of targets obscured by a forest canopy using an ultrawideband (UWB) radar. The forest clutter observed in the radar imagery is a highly impulsive random process that is more accurately modeled with the recently proposed class of alpha-stable processes as compared with Gaussian, Weibull, and K-distribution models. With this more accurate model, segmentation is performed on the imagery into forest and clear regions. Further, a region-adaptive symmetric alpha stable (SαS) constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) detector is introduced and its performance is compared with the Weibull and Gaussian CFAR detectors. The results on real data show that the SαS CFAR performs better than the Weibull and Gaussian CFAR detectors in detecting obscured targets 相似文献
790.
Possible consequences of collisions of natural cosmic bodies with the Earth’s atmosphere and surface are described. The methodological
basis of classification of consequences is the solution of meteor physics equations characterizing the trajectory of a body
in the atmosphere, namely, the dependence of the body’s velocity and mass on the flight altitude. The solution depends on
two dimensionless parameters characterizing the drag altitude and the role of mass loss by a meteoroid during its motion in
the atmosphere. Depending on values of these parameters, the degree of effect on the planetary surface considerably changes.
In particular, the conditions of cratering and meteorite fall on the planetary surface are obtained. The results are presented
in a simple analytical form. They quite match to the real events considered in the paper. Recommendations are given on further
investigations into the important problem of interaction of cosmic bodies with planetary atmospheres. 相似文献