基于空间映射的视觉注意力分配预测模型

为预测飞行员视觉注意力分配,在SEEV(Salient Effort Expectancy Value)模型和多因素模型的基础上引入注意控制空间和资源分配空间的概念.前者描述了影响注意力分配因素,而后者则反应了兴趣区域所获得的注意资源.并通过空间映射建立注意力分配的预测模型,应用模糊层次分析的方法对模型进行结算.为验证预测模型效度,采用16名被试在飞行模拟器上开展基于异常信息恢复的工效学实验,通过眼动追踪装置记录注视点分布作为注意力分配指标.被试需要根据实验条件对主飞行显示器仿真界面中的目标信息状态进行监视,并通过驾驶杆的指定操作对异常信息进行响应.实验结果表明,注意力分配预测模型的理论结果与工效实验中注视点分布的实验结果显著相关且吻合较好,验证了预测模型的可用性.     

Estimation of GPS instrumental biases from small scale network

With 4 GPS receivers located in the equatorial anomaly region in southeast China, this paper proposes a grid-based algorithm to determine the GPS satellites and receivers biases, and at the same time to derive the total electron content (TEC) with time resolution of 15 min and spatial resolution of 1° by 3.5° in latitude and longitude. By assuming that the TEC is identical at any point within a given grid block and the biases do not vary within a day, the algorithm arranges unknown biases and TECs with slant path TEC from the 4 receivers’ observations into a set of equations. Then the instrumental biases and the TECs are determined by using the least squares fitting technique. The performance of the method is examined by applying it to the GPS receiver chain observations selected from 16 geomagnetically quiet days in four seasons of 2006. It is found that the fitting agrees with the data very well, with goodness of fit ranging from 0.452 TECU to 1.914 TECU. Having a mean of 0.9 ns, the standard deviations for most of the GPS satellite biases are less than 1.0 ns for the 16 days. The GPS receiver biases are more stable than that of the GPS satellites. The standard deviation in the 4 receiver bias is from 0.370 ns to 0.855 ns, with a mean of 0.5 ns. Moreover, the instrumental biases are highly correlated with those derived from CODE and JPL with independent methods. The typical precision of the derived TEC is 5 TECU by a conservative estimation. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm is valid and qualified for small scale GPS network.     

A comprehensive numerical model investigating the thermal-dynamic performance of scientific balloon

The increase of balloon applications makes it necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the thermal and dynamic performance of scientific balloons. This paper proposed a novel numerical model to investigate the thermal and dynamic characteristics of scientific balloon in both ascending and floating conditions. The novel model consists of a dynamic model and thermal model, the dynamic model was solved numerically by a computer program developed with Matlab/Simulink to calculate the velocity and trajectory, the thermal model was solved by the Fluent program to find out the balloon film temperature distribution and inner Helium gas velocity and temperature field. These models were verified by comparing the numerical results with experimental data. Then the thermal and dynamic behavior of a scientific balloon in a real environment were simulated and discussed in details.     

Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass for the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM)

The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) instrument is configured with a suite of particle detectors to measure TeV cosmic-ray elemental spectra from protons to iron nuclei over a wide energy range. The goal is to extend direct measurements of cosmic-ray composition to the highest energies practical, and thereby have enough overlap with ground based indirect measurements to answer questions on cosmic-ray origin, acceleration and propagation. The balloon-borne CREAM was flown successfully for about 161 days in six flights over Antarctica to measure elemental spectra of Z = 1–26 nuclei over the energy range 10¹⁰ to >10¹⁴ eV. Transforming the balloon instrument into ISS-CREAM involves identification and replacement of components that would be at risk in the International Space Station (ISS) environment, in addition to assessing safety and mission assurance concerns. The transformation process includes rigorous testing of components to reduce risks and increase survivability on the launch vehicle and operations on the ISS without negatively impacting the heritage of the successful CREAM design. The project status, including results from the ongoing analysis of existing data and, particularly, plans to increase the exposure factor by another order of magnitude utilizing the International Space Station are presented.     

石墨烯用于提高材料抗原子氧剥蚀性能

提出新型二维纳米材料石墨烯在航天器上的应用.首先采用超声空化法制备得到石墨烯,然后将其添加到环氧树脂中,采用共混法制成纳米复合材料.热失重分析显示材料的热稳定性能有所提高.在地面模拟设备中对环氧树脂和纳米复合材料进行了原子氧效应试验,并对试验前后材料的质量损失、表面形貌和表面成分等进行了分析,结果表明纳米复合材料相对于纯环氧树脂,其抗原子氧剥蚀性能有明显提高.      

基于流固耦合的充气翼内压对翼面变形影响分析

基于ABAQUS-FLUENT软件开展柔性充气翼流固耦合分析,采用反距离加权平均法实现耦合界面气动压力分布传递,采用常体积转换法实现变形数据传递,分析获得了充气翼翼面刚度和屈曲特性与翼面内外压差的关系;建立了充气翼模拟加载试验系统验证了分析方法的可行性.结果表明,流固耦合方法用于充气翼变形分析是可行的,分析结果与模拟试验结果能够较好地吻合.      

网络分区中混合消息集传输模式的精确配置

针对分布式综合模块化航空电子网络分区方法,指出其对消息传输模式配置存在不确定性;通过形式化描述将问题转化为包括实时性约束、带宽约束、缓存约束的最优化问题;提出了基于遗传模拟退火的传输模式配置算法,以系统的消息端到端延迟均衡为优化目标.通过给出两个具体算例对算法有效性进行了验证,同时比较了本算法与传统遗传算法的性能.对比结果表明,本算法能够解决传输模式的配置问题,尽管计算时间较传统遗传算法高出18.1%,但所得到的适应度值高出28.7%.本算法为网络分区在实际航电系统中的应用提供了参考.     

基于分段化结构重建的2D/3D视频转换方法

为了缓解3D片源的不足,设计了一种分段化结构重建方法为视频2D/3D转换提供深度线索.采用分层提取的方式,将视频基于内容分解为子序列,在每个子序列中建立优化准则选择出处于非退化状态的关键帧,并以此为基础提出了分段化结构重建框架,利用改进的耦合自标定算法重构出每个子序列对应的离散3D结构信息,从而获取视频的深度线索.实验结果表明,该方法通过分段化后的局部优化,不仅使结构化重建能够有效处理多场景下的连续镜头,还加快了转换的效率,能够稳定、高效地获取深度信息,适用于视频2D/3D转换.      

分离式机械压汽蒸馏系统的实验

针对传统机械压汽蒸馏的不足,提出分离式机械压汽蒸馏系统.建立了一套容量为1.5 m3/d的单效分离式机械压汽蒸馏系统并对其进行实验研究.实验系统主要由两套旋转蒸发器、冷凝器以及压缩机组成.通过改变压缩机转速和蒸发温度来研究系统的性能.结果表明在蒸馏水产量一定的前提下压缩机进口压力和冷凝器进口压力随着压缩机转速的增加而逐渐下降,换热温差随着压缩机转速的增加而增加,最高温差稳定在8.5℃左右.通过改变系统的真空度获得不同的蒸发温度,蒸发温度越高,蒸馏产量越高,系统性能也越好.      

基于改进卡尔曼滤波的电池SOC估算

以研究电动汽车动力电池管理系统为背景,以电池荷电状态估算为关键技术,介绍了荷电状态与其主要影响因素的非线性动态关系,建立了二阶RC等效电池模型.在此基础上,考虑了温度对电池内阻的影响,采用卡尔曼滤波算法、改进的安时计量法和开路电压法,结合基于温度的电池模型参数在线辨识,对电池荷电状态进行估算,通过MATLAB仿真,并与基于经验公式的卡尔曼滤波算法进行了对比,平均误差为2.46%,提高了估算精度,验证了算法的可行性和可靠性.