单轴台的大角度姿态快速机动联合控制方法

为验证小卫星大角度姿态快速机动与高精度稳定控制能力,基于单轴气浮台硬件仿真环境,提出了一种利用推力器与飞轮组合的联合控制策略.采用相平面控制技术与有限时间控制理论设计控制器,利用推力器实现无超调的快速机动控制,利用飞轮实现有限时间内的高精度稳定控制,使单轴台在有限时间内快速高精度稳定于目标姿态.物理仿真结果表明:该方法在有限时间内完成单轴台快速稳定控制的同时,可有效避免机动过程中的超调现象,且能有效规避推力器的频繁开关与飞轮的过快饱和等问题.     

基于自动有限元建模的民机机翼结构布局优化

针对民用飞机中广泛采用的双梁式机翼结构,以机翼结构纵向构件(长桁)和横向构件(翼肋)的数量为参数生成机翼CAD模型,然后基于Patran的PCL(Patran Command Language)语言,根据整体模型分割、局部模型编号、局部网格控制、整体有限元生成的思路,实现了以纵向和横向构件的数量变化为基础自动进行机翼结构有限元模型的构建及分析,并将上述流程集成到机翼结构的布局优化中.最后参照某大型民用飞机的机翼外形尺寸建立了CAD模型,以机翼的静强度、刚度和蒙皮稳定性为约束,以机翼结构质量最低为目标,对上、下蒙皮长桁和翼肋数量进行了优化.优化后的布局使机翼结构质量降低了10.1%,表明了布局优化方法的有效性和可行性.     

显示界面字符编码工效设计与分析

针对人机显示界面中字符编码的工效设计问题,以封闭模拟驾驶舱为基础,采用32名被试开展静态模拟实验,选取反应时间和反应正确率为工效评价指标,得出不同光照水平、颜色匹配和字符高度下显示界面呈现的中文、英文、数字及符号的辨识绩效.实验结果表明:中/英文、数字和普通符号的辨识绩效差异显著;0~600 lx范围内4个水平光照变化对字符编码辨识绩效影响较小;颜色匹配方式对字符编码辨识绩效影响显著,黄/白、绿/青的字符/背景色匹配方式辨识绩效较差,在字符编码设计中尽量避免使用.通过实验结论及对实验数据的深入分析,建立显示界面字符编码设计的数学模型,为飞机驾驶舱人机显示界面编码设计提供参考.     

氧化物涂层对航天器材料原子氧剥蚀的防护

采用磁控溅射方法在航天器常用材料聚酰亚胺(Kapton)表面沉积无机氧化物涂层(TiO₂和SiO₂),来提高材料的抗原子氧剥蚀性能.通过选择试验材料和参数,优化了沉积涂层的工艺,以克服容易产生裂纹的缺点.对材料进行了原子氧效应地面模拟试验,结果表明,在Kapton上沉积涂层后,质量损失下降了2个数量级.另外,有涂层的Kapton表面基本没有变化并且没有出现裂纹.其中,TiO₂由于热膨胀系数更接近Kapton,比SiO₂的防护效果更好.     

整机产品失效机理危害度定量分析方法

针对整机产品失效机理多而复杂、失效数据少、主失效机理分析为定性方法的现状,提出了一种基于Bayes的失效机理危害度定量分析方法.首先利用Dirichlet分布描述产品的先验信息,结合现场失效数据确定失效频率的Bayes后验分布函数,然后通过Slice抽样方法获得失效频率的满条件分布,进而利用Gibbs抽样得到其Bayes估计,从而实现了各失效机理的定量分析.最后在某型光纤连接器失效机理已分析清楚的前提下,分别用FMMEA(Failure Modes,Mechanisms and Effects Analysis)及Bayes方法确定了其主失效机理,结果表明基于Bayes的失效机理危害度定量分析方法考虑了现场未出现的失效机理危害度,其确定的主失效机理比FMMEA结果更具有可信度.     

Low-dose carbon ion irradiation effects on DNA damage and oxidative stress in the mouse testis

To investigate the effects of low-dose carbon ion irradiation on reproductive system of mice, the testes of outbred Kunming strain mice were whole-body irradiated with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 Gy, respectively. We measured DNA double-strand breaks (DNA DSBs) and oxidative stress parameters including malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and testis weight and sperm count at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation in mouse testis. At 12 h postirradiation, a significant increase in DNA DSB level but no pronounced alterations in MDA content or SOD activity were observed in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups compared with the control group. At 21 d postirradiation, there was a significant reduction in sperm count and distinct enhancements of DSB level and MDA content in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups in comparison with control. At 35 d postirradiation, the levels of DNA DSBs and MDA, and SOD activity returned to the baseline except for the MDA content in 1 Gy (P < 0.05), while extreme falls of sperm count were still observed in 0.5 (P < 0.01) and 1 Gy (P < 0.01) groups. For the 0.05 or 0.1 Gy group, no differences were found in DNA DSB level and MDA content between control and at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation, indicating that lower doses of carbon ion irradiation have no significant influence on spermatogenesis processes. In this study, male germ cells irradiated with over 0.5 Gy of carbon ions are difficult to repair completely marked by the sperm count. Furthermore, these data suggest that the deleterious effects may be chronic or delayed in reproductive system after whole-body exposure to acute high-dose carbon ions.     

Geostationary orbit determination using SATRE

A new strategy of precise orbit determination (POD) for GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) satellite using SATRE (SAtellite Time and Ranging Equipment) is presented. Two observation modes are proposed and different channels of the same instruments are used to construct different observation modes, one mode receiving time signals from their own station and the other mode receiving time signals from each other for two stations called pairs of combined observations. Using data from such a tracking network in China, the results for both modes are compared. The precise orbit determination for the Sino-1 satellite using the data from 6 June 2005 to 13 June 2005 has been carried out in this work. The RMS (Root-Mean-Square) of observing residuals for 3-day solutions with the former mode is better than 9.1 cm. The RMS of observing residuals for 3-day solutions with the latter mode is better than 4.8 cm, much better than the former mode. Orbital overlapping (3-day orbit solution with 1-day orbit overlap) tests show that the RMS of the orbit difference for the former mode is 0.16 m in the radial direction, 0.53 m in the along-track direction, 0.97 m in the cross-track direction and 1.12 m in the 3-dimension position and the RMS of the orbit difference for the latter mode is 0.36 m in the radial direction, 0.89 m in the along-track direction, 1.18 m in the cross-track direction and 1.52 m in the 3-dimension position, almost the same as the former mode. All the experiments indicate that a meter-level accuracy of orbit determination for geostationary satellite is achievable.     

民用飞机驾驶舱构型快速设计方法

为在方案设计阶段提高民用飞机总体方案的设计质量和形成效率,研究了民用飞机驾驶舱构型的设计措施,并在一个开放式的飞机总体设计环境中实现了这一功能.定义了飞机机身坐标系,研究了确定驾驶员设计眼位、驾驶舱布置和风挡参数化设计与模型构建的方法.建立了交互式民机驾驶舱构型二、三维快速设计环境.在此基础上,实现了驾驶舱模型的自动化调整,为总体设计阶段进行多学科设计优化奠定了基础.通过设计实例证明了该方法的有效性.     

前缘吹气控制舵面流动分离

针对各种飞行器大舵偏下出现的流动分离问题,在北航D4风洞对旨在消除舵面流动分离的舵面前缘吹气技术进行了研究,为了降低控制分离所用的吹气量,吹气点设置在舵面前缘气流分离点处.应用粒子图像测速(PIV,Particle Image Velocimetry)技术,分析了舵面绕流在吹气量由小变大过程中所经历的3个不同演化阶段;由测压得到的舵面压力分布则显示,前缘吹气造成的引射作用使前缘吸力峰随吹气量增大而增大,这是前缘吹气能够使舵面升力增大的主要机理.实验结果还表明,前缘吹气可明显提高舵面升力,同时也可以显著降低舵面阻力.