Numerical investigation of the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics

Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics using the commercial-code FLUENT. The asymmetry of fuel injection is examined by changing the fuel flow rates of the upper and lower wall fuel injectors. The numerical approach solves the two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, supplemented with a k-ω model of turbulence. As a result, different ways of fuel injections will always lead to shock train transitions, with the variations of shock train structure, strength and leading edge position. For symmetric fuel injection, the flowfield of the isolator is quite asymmetric with the boundary layer of the upper wall side developing much stronger than that of the lower wall, which is due to the heterogeneity of the incoming flow. Regarding to asymmetric fuel injection with more of lower wall side, though the pressures in the combustor are nearly the same, the first shock of the shock train converts between ‘Distinct symmetric X type shock’ and ‘Obscure and weaker asymmetric shock’ and the shock train leading edge moves upstream with the increase of the asymmetry level. With regard to asymmetric fuel injection with more of upper wall side, ‘incomplete asymmetric X type shock’ occurs and the shock train structures keep nearly the same with low level of fuel injection asymmetry. Unexpected results like unstart will happen when increasing the level of fuel injection asymmetry. And the isolator will come back to normal state by decreasing the differential of upper and lower wall sides fuel injections.     

Experimental study of a flush wall scramjet combustor equipped with strut/wall fuel injection

In this study a flush wall scramjet combustor is tested in a supersonic incoming air flow with the Mach number of 3 which is generated by an air vitiation heater producing the stagnation temperature of 1505 K. Using liquid kerosene as the fuel, the flame is stabilized by means of a centrally mounted O₂ pilot strut after being ignited by a plasma torch. During experimental measurements, the fuel is injected with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.8 according to specified strut/wall injection ratios, i.e., a portion of the fuel amount is injected from the strut while the rest is injected from the wall. The strut and wall injectors are arranged at the same axial position. The combustion performance and wall temperature gradients are evaluated with various fuel feeding ratios between the wall and the strut. Experimental results show, when the equivalence ratio is constant and the axial injection position is fixed, the combustion characteristics vary significantly with the strut/wall fuel feeding ratio, especially when this ratio is close to its lowest and highest limits. Among the four fuel feeding ratios examined, the strut only injection mode and the average distributed strut/wall injection mode show the best combustion performance. However, the strut/wall injection mode produces a smaller wall temperature gradient compared to the strut only injection mode, which is due to the significant film cooling effect caused by the wall injected liquid kerosene.     

脉压雷达旁瓣匿影工作模式与抗干扰性能分析

旁瓣匿影是脉冲压缩雷达中常用的抗干扰技术。首先基于旁瓣匿影的一般结构,构建了脉压前匿影与脉压后匿影两种工作模式。然后重点针对不同工作模式下的雷达抗干扰性能和检测性能进行了理论分析和仿真研究。结果表明,脉压前匿影比较适合对抗压制性脉冲干扰,而脉压后匿影则更适合对抗欺骗性脉冲干扰。     

基于LS-DYNA滚动轴承使役可靠度计算方法

利用软件LS-DYNA对滚动轴承使役过程进行了动态有限元计算,基于响应面法（RSM）建立6408滚动轴承输入参数与输出响应的函数关系方程,设定各类随机误差分布,利用矩阵试验法确定抽样点在输入变量抽样空间的位置,进行一系列确定性拟合试验.每次试验借助LS-DYNA进行精确求解,运用求解数据对方程进行最小二乘法回归分析确定方程的组成项及系数.最后利用函数关系方程计算轴承任意时刻的使役可靠度.结果表明:计算得出该轴承在0.020008s时的使役可靠度为97.062%.      

离散广义Markov跳变系统的镇定性

针对转移概率部分未知情况下的离散时间广义Markov跳变系统,研究了系统的稳定性和镇定性。转移概率部分未知的情况包含了转移概率完全已知和完全未知两种特殊情况,具有更广泛的实际意义。首先利用线性矩阵不等式方法,将离散Markov跳变系统的结论推广到离散广义Markov跳变系统,提出了使开环系统随机稳定的充分条件;在此基础上,进一步提出了闭环系统可镇定的判据,并表示为线性矩阵不等式形式;最后,通过仿真算例验证了所提方法的有效性。     

GNSS服务空域空间信号可用性比较与分析

通过基本参数对全球卫星导航系统（GPS、GLONASS、Galileo和北斗）空间信号可用性影响实验,得出四系统的A knee 值分别为3800km、1100km、3800km和1000km,对应的平均可见卫星数为25、16、22和14/22（亚太地区、MEO星座/混合星座）。分析了三种典型轨道用户的卫星可见性,北斗和GLONASS对MEO和HEO用户的空间信号可用性能较GPS和Galileo稍差,而在LEO用户的应用中,北斗空间信号可用性能却表现最优,平均可见卫星数约为20颗,可用性时间分布比较均匀。最后对GNSS空间有效持续时间段进行统计,随着用户高度的增加,有效持续时间段数增多、总有效持续时间减少;四系统提供全弧段有效服务空间分别为地面至6100km、1600km、6100km和1700km。     

曲面红外测温方向性误差分析与修正方法研究

通过实验验证与理论分析,探讨了曲面特征的红外辐射测温特性。研究结果表明：曲面红外辐射测温在本质上与平面辐射测温相同,满足同一数学表达式;出现曲面红外测温失真的根本原因是被测表面等效面出现了不满足表面漫射条件假设的状况,这主要是由被测表面法向与测量方向夹角过大导致的;通过测量当地表面发射率可以校正因等效面不满足漫射条件假设造成的红外测温结果失真。     

微小卫星热控系统的研究现状及发展趋势

文章针对微小航天器研究现状和发展需求给热控系统设计带来的难点和挑战,从传热学和控制学两个角度,对近年来微小卫星热控领域出现的先进的热量收集、传输和排放装置展开论述;追踪了国内外学者提出的热控发展新的理论和方案。总之,开展各种智能、灵巧的航天器热控部件研究及针对高性能传热装置的控制策略研究是由微小卫星的结构布局和任务特点所决定的必然要求和发展趋势。     

Space astronomy in China: 2008—2010

In 2008 to 2010, the main activities in Chinese space astronomy were focused on: fulfilling the long-term plan of Chinese space astronomy; initiating the long-term plan of Chinese space astronomy; undertaking some astronomical missions set by CNSA in ``Development Program of Space Science for 2006--2010'. This paper summarizes in brief all these activities.      

基于案例知识的系统安全风险模型

对基于案例知识的系统安全风险模型进行了研究。首先,建立了系统安全事件案例知识表达模型。其次,研究了系统知识表达的不确定性问题,以及安全风险决策者的决策类型对度量不确定性的需求;基于现有安全风险模型对不确定性度量能力的欠缺,提出了基于案例知识的系统安全风险概念模型,用损失可能性、损失程度和损失的不确定性来表征系统安全风险。在此基础上,研究了该安全风险模型的建模方法,并举例证明了该模型的有效性。最后,对机长飞行安全风险进行了研究,选取机长年龄、累计飞行小时以及近90天飞行小时3个指标作为风险因子,应用本文所建基于案例知识的系统安全风险模型,评估了机长飞行安全风险,评估结果合理,可为民航放飞决策提供参考。