A high-performance ground-based prototype of horn-type sequential vegetable production facility for life support system in space

Vegetable cultivation plays a crucial role in dietary supplements and psychosocial benefits of the crew during manned space flight. Here we developed a ground-based prototype of horn-type sequential vegetable production facility, named Horn-type Producer (HTP), which was capable of simulating the microgravity effect and the continuous cultivation of leaf–vegetables on root modules. The growth chamber of the facility had a volume of 0.12 m³, characterized by a three-stage space expansion with plant growth. The planting surface of 0.154 m² was comprised of six ring-shaped root modules with a fibrous ion-exchange resin substrate. Root modules were fastened to a central porous tube supplying water, and moved forward with plant growth. The total illuminated crop area of 0.567 m² was provided by a combination of red and white light emitting diodes on the internal surfaces. In tests with a 24-h photoperiod, the productivity of the HTP at 0.3 kW for lettuce achieved 254.3 g eatable biomass per week. Long-term operation of the HTP did not alter vegetable nutrition composition to any great extent. Furthermore, the efficiency of the HTP, based on the Q-criterion, was 7 × 10⁻⁴ g² m⁻³ J⁻¹. These results show that the HTP exhibited high productivity, stable quality, and good efficiency in the process of planting lettuce, indicative of an interesting design for space vegetable production.     

基于小生境遗传算法的多峰函数优化

根据多峰目标函数的具体情况,应用遗传算法随机寻优得到若干个最优值,以这些值作为小生境遗传算法的先验知识,指导小生境距离参数的确定。依据此方法确定小生境距离参数,应用小生境遗传算法成功求解了shubert多峰函数的所有全局最优值。并与相同遗传操作和相同参数下的遗传算法作比较,小生境遗传算法不但能一次性地寻求到解空问中所有的最优解,而且就寻求一个最优点而言收敛速度快于非小生境遗传算法。     

板料应力成形极限判据的有限元分析程序

为了解决在板料成形有限元数值模拟中以依赖于加载路径的应变成形极限为判据所存在的问题,以板料塑性变形时所遵循的应力应变转换关系、H ill二次厚向异性准则为计算模型,基于有限元商用分析软件DYNAFORM,开发了用于板料塑性成形工艺的以应力成形极限为判据的有限元分析程序。利用该程序分析了两种拉深件的有限元数值模拟结果,实现了用应力成形极限图作为判据对板料成形极限的预测分析。所开发的以应力成形极限作为判据的有限元分析程序为分析多道次板成形的成形极限提供了新的手段。     

圆环压缩的刚塑性有限元分析与应用

本文采用刚塑性有限元法分析圆环压缩,并与上限法分析和试验结果进行比较。结果表明,采用这种方法可以计算标定曲线,计算各种润滑剂的摩擦因素和压缩状态下材料的应力应变曲线,模拟圆环的变形和摩擦面的正压力分布。 本文还通过试验,求得四种高温润滑的摩擦因素和Ti-6Al-4V在不同条件下的应力应变曲线。     

用激光干涉技术测量转速的研究

叙述了一种新型转速激光干涉测量方法,详细分析了这种方法的工作原理,确定了本测量方法的转速测量范围,给出了实验结果。     

先进的宇航试验舱温控系统

介绍了中国新一代宇航试验舱的温控系统。该温控系统设计思想先进、结构新颖。在直径２．３ｍ,长２ｍ的封闭舱体控温面上,实现了０℃～５０℃的任意温度定点控制及９０ｍｉｎ内的正弦波、梯形波、三角波的周期变化;在整个控温面上温度非均匀性（均方根偏差）小于０．３℃,远远超过了非均匀度±１℃、控制精度±２℃的原设计指标。     

Early effects of low dose C ion or X-ray irradiation on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The aim of this study was to estimate the acute effects of low dose ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation on human immune function. The human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) of seven healthy donors were exposed to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation and cell responses were measured at 24 h after exposure. The cytotoxic activities of HPBL were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT); the percentages of T and NK cells subsets were detected by flow cytometry; mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were examined by real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR); and these cytokines protein levels in supernatant of cultured cells were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results showed that the cytotoxic activity of HPBL, mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α in HPBL and their protein levels in supernatant were significantly increased at 24 h after exposure to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions radiation and the effects were stronger than observed for X-ray exposure. However, there was no significant change in the percentage of T and NK cells subsets of HPBL. These results suggested that 0.05 Gy high linear energy transfer (LET) ¹²C⁶⁺ radiation was a more effective approach to host immune enhancement than that of low LET X-ray. We conclude that cytokines production might be used as sensitive indicators of acute response to LDI.     

Using the radial basis function neural network to predict ionospheric critical frequency of F2 layer over Wuhan

Neural networks (NNs) have been applied to ionospheric predictions recently. This paper uses radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) to forecast hourly values of the ionospheric F₂ layer critical frequency(f_oF₂), over Wuhan (30.5N, 114.3E), China. The false nearest neighbor method is used to determine the embedding dimension, and the principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce noise and dimension. The whole study is based on a sample of about 26,000 observations of f_oF₂ with 1-h time resolution, derived during the period from January 1981 to December 1983. The performance of RBF-NN is estimated by calculating the normalized root-mean-squared (NRMSE) error, and its results show that short-term predictions of f_oF₂ are improved.     

Conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system containing crops and silkworms

This article summarizes a conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system for permanent lunar base or planetary exploration. The system consists of seven compartments – higher plants cultivation, animal rearing, human habitation, water recovery, waste treatment, atmosphere management, and storages. Fifteen kinds of crops, such as wheat, rice, soybean, lettuce, and mulberry, were selected as main life support contributors to provide the crew with air, water, and vegetable food. Silkworms fed by crop leaves were designated to produce partial animal nutrition for the crew. Various physical-chemical and biological methods were combined to reclaim wastewater and solid waste. Condensate collected from atmosphere was recycled into potable water through granular activated carbon adsorption, iodine sterilization, and trace element supplementation. All grey water was also purified though multifiltration and ultraviolet sterilization. Plant residue, human excrement, silkworm feces, etc. were decomposed into inorganic substances which were finally absorbed by higher plants. Some meat, ingredients, as well as nitrogen fertilizer were prestored and resupplied periodically. Meanwhile, the same amount and chemical composition of organic waste was dumped to maintain the steady state of the system. A nutritional balanced diet was developed by means of the linear programming method. It could provide 2721 kcal of energy, 375.5 g of carbohydrate, 99.47 g of protein, and 91.19 g of fat per capita per day. Silkworm powder covered 12.54% of total animal protein intakes. The balance of material flows between compartments was described by the system of stoichiometric equations. Basic life support requirements for crews including oxygen, food, potable and hygiene water summed up to 29.68 kg per capita per day. The coefficient of system material closure reached 99.40%.