考虑土渐近状态特性的应力应变关系

在经典弹塑性理论框架下,根据SMP(Spatially Mobilized Plane)破坏准则并结合变换应力方法,通过引入准弹性体积模量的概念,建立了用增量法表示的考虑土渐近状态特性的三维应力应变关系式.针对三轴压缩应力条件,给出了相应的简化应力应变增量矩阵,以三轴压缩试验中的常规三轴压缩、不排水剪切和控制应变增量比的3种应力路径为例,推导出了便于应用的应力应变增量关系式.最后,利用文中的公式进行了预测分析和试验对比,结果表明:新推导的公式能方便地预测考虑渐近状态特性下土的应力应变关系,并能合理描述试验结果.     

鸭翼/边条对融合体型机身大攻角气动特性影响

通过对融合体型机身进行表面测压和PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)流动显示实验,研究了大攻角下鸭翼/边条对机身气动特性的影响规律.结果表明:加装鸭翼后攻角小于50°时机头区流动变化不大,超过50°攻角后,机头区法向力显著下降,并且随着攻角增加受影响区域向头部方向扩大;加装鸭翼致使鸭翼区截面法向力大幅增加.加装边条改善了边条区流动,边条涡对机头涡产生有利诱导,增大了边条区法向力.加装边条/鸭翼时,对机头区及鸭翼区流场的影响由鸭翼起主控作用,对边条区流场的影响由边条起主控作用.     

航空零件数控加工的特点

随着近年来国内各类军民机的研制,国内主要航空企业在航空数控加工技术方面积累了大量的技术经验,解决了一系列关键技术难题,初步形成了以飞机大型复杂结构件制造为代表的关键技术优势。但是,随着我国大飞机项目的启动,航空零件数控加工技术将面临更大的挑战。     

科氏质量流量计全数字闭环系统的设计与实现

科氏质量流量计(CMF,Coriolis Mass Flowmeter)全数字闭环系统,采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA,Field Programmable Gate Array)和现代数字信号处理方法对CMF传感器进行稳定精确的闭环控制,实时性和精度较高.以高速并行器件FPGA为运算和控制核心,在相位控制中引入FIFO(First In First Out)组件,通过控制FIFO的读、写请求信号来改变时间差,实现对拾振和激励信号的相位差准确、稳定的控制;采用不连续和连续幅值控制相结合的非线性幅值控制方法,快速、准确地设定幅值,适应性强,实现对拾振信号幅值的良好控制,并控制拾振信号以稳定的幅值输出,提高CMF的测量精度和稳定性.实流标定对比实验结果表明:CMF数字闭环在零点稳定性、动态响应特性和重复性方面都优于模拟闭环,并在一定程度上提高了CMF的测量精度.      

航天器公用空间搭载试验平台设计

我国航天器搭载试验包括空间材料实验、航天医学实验和航天新技术验证试验,具有数据量大、需要实时传输、工作模式多样等特点。文章根据试验项目的需求,设计了应用于低轨道航天器的支持各类空间搭载试验项目的公用试验平台。地面测试验证和在轨运行情况表明,该平台在不影响飞行器平台安全的同时,满足了对试验项目的工作控制、遥测监视及试验数据传输管理的任务要求。     

Accuracy assessment of single and double difference models for the single epoch GPS compass

The single epoch GPS compass is an important field of study, since it is a valuable technique for the orientation estimation of vehicles and it can guarantee a total independence from carrier phase slips in practical applications. To achieve highly accurate angular estimates, the unknown integer ambiguities of the carrier phase observables need to be resolved. Past researches focus on the ambiguity resolution for single epoch; however, accuracy is another significant problem for many challenging applications. In this contribution, the accuracy is evaluated for the non-common clock scheme of the receivers and the common clock scheme of the receivers, respectively. We focus on three scenarios for either scheme: single difference model vs. double difference model, single frequency model vs. multiple frequency model and optimal linear combinations vs. traditional triple-frequency least squares. We deduce the short baseline precision for a number of different available models and analyze the difference in accuracy for those models. Compared with the single or double difference model of the non-common clock scheme, the single difference model of the common clock scheme can greatly reduce the vertical component error of baseline vector, which results in higher elevation accuracy. The least squares estimator can also reduce the error of fixed baseline vector with the aid of the multi-frequency observation, thereby improving the attitude accuracy. In essence, the “accuracy improvement” is attributed to the difference in accuracy for different models, not a real improvement for any specific model. If all noise levels of GPS triple frequency carrier phase are assumed the same in unit of cycles, it can be proved that the optimal linear combination approach is equivalent to the traditional triple-frequency least squares, no matter which scheme is utilized. Both simulations and actual experiments have been performed to verify the correctness of theoretical analysis.     

带变速控制力矩陀螺的航天器自适应姿态控制

航天器高精度姿态控制容易受到参数误差的影响,自适应控制能够合理地估计参数,使基于模型的控制器设计易于实现。自适应参数分为主星体惯量、变速控制力矩陀螺框架转子惯量及动摩擦系数3组,按参数分组对带变速控制力矩陀螺的航天器详细动力学模型进行变换,采用Lyapunov方法设计出姿态控制器、变速控制力矩陀螺群操纵律及参数自适应更新律,操纵律中引入加权矩阵以缓解陀螺奇异问题。理论分析和数值仿真表明闭环姿态控制系统全局一致最终有界稳定,参数自适应更新能有效减小角速度跟踪误差,使姿态四元数误差收敛更快。参数估计虽然不能准确收敛到其真值上,但均在可接受的范围内。     

基于Kalman滤波的GPS跟踪环路晶振闪烁噪声建模方法

由于晶振频率漂移对GPS接收机的载波相位和频率跟踪带来了误差,在载波跟踪系统中需要对晶振误差进行建模。传统基于Kalman滤波的跟踪方法无法对非白的闪烁晶振误差进行准确建模,导致跟踪环路建模产生一定的误差。针对上述问题,文章重点分析了晶振的频域模型建模过程和噪声协方差求解问题,提出了Kalman滤波中晶振闪烁噪声的近似建模方法,并用实际卫星数据验证了建模的正确性。     

Magnetometer Compensation Scheme and Experimental Results on ZDPS-1A Pico-satellite

In a pico-satellite with small volume, measurements from on-board three-axis magnetometer (TAM) are not accurate, as it can be easily disturbed by other electronic systems. To improve its accuracy, a scheme of compensation methods is introduced in this article. The scheme is based on an improved measurement model of pico-satellite TAM, and it mainly consists of three steps. First, in satellite design stage, several techniques are recommended to simplify the afterwards compensations. Then after satellite assembly, TAM ground tests and pre-launch calibration with least-square batch filter are introduced to improve magnetometer performance. At the end, a post-launch calibration with unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is implemented with in-orbit data. The compensation scheme is used in the development of Chinese pico-satellite ZDPS-1A made by Zhejiang University. Results show that with the introduced compensation scheme, the maximum error of ZDPS-1A TAM can be reduced from 80 mG to 6 mG (1 G=10-4 T).     

使用地磁脉动参数定量预报地球同步轨道相对论电子通量的建模研究

磁层超低频波(ULF波)对种子电子的加速机制是磁层相对论电子产生的一个重要机制, 而地磁脉动参数可以作为此机制的有效指标. 本文采用地磁脉动参数作为输入参数, 借鉴线性预测滤波器技术, 构建一个多参量非线性函数, 进而利用此函数以及卡尔曼滤波技术, 建立一个地球同步轨道相对论电子通量日积分值预报模式, 提供提前一天的预报值. 使用2004年数据对该模式进行训练, 预报结果的预报效率为0.73, 线性相关系数为0.85. 使用2005-2006年的数据对该模式进行测试, 预报值与实测值之间的线性相关系数为0.83, 预报效率为0.69, 相比Persistence模式具有较大提升, 与仿REFM模式的预报效率相当