末端导引律综述

为了提高制导精度,在末制导过程中就必须采用性能更优良的导引律,本文针对各种末端导引方法的特点及其发展情况进行了研究分析与总结,包括各种经典导引律、各种基于现代控制理论设计的导引律以及针对各种特定工程应用背景的导引律等,可为今后导弹导引律的改进和设计提供参考.     

帆板控制系统设计

该帆板控制系统采用塑料薄膜电位器作为传感器检测角度信号,检测到的角度信号经信号处理电路送12位的串行接口A/D转换器ADS7818进行数字化转换,转化结果由Cortex-M3处理器LM3S615进行处理产生PWM控制信号,该控制信号经功率VMOS驱动电路实现轴流电扇的速度调节,从而实现帆板角度定位闭环控制。通过按键可以实现帆板角度的设定及运行控制,设置六位LED数码管显示实现角度及其它运行状态的显示。经过实际测试该系统完全达到了设计要求的各项指标要求。     

Volatile Trapping in Martian Clathrates

Thermodynamic conditions suggest that clathrates might exist on Mars. Despite observations which show that the dominant condensed phases on the surface of Mars are solid carbon dioxide and water ice, clathrates have been repeatedly proposed to play an important role in the distribution and total inventory of the planet’s volatiles. Here we review the potential consequences of the presence of clathrates on Mars. We investigate how clathrates could be a potential source for the claimed existence of atmospheric methane. In this context, plausible clathrate formation processes, either in the close subsurface or at the base of the cryosphere, are reviewed. Mechanisms that would allow for methane release into the atmosphere from an existing clathrate layer are addressed as well. We also discuss the proposed relationship between clathrate formation/dissociation cycles and how potential seasonal variations influence the atmospheric abundances of argon, krypton and xenon. Moreover, we examine several Martian geomorphologic features that could have been generated by the dissociation of extended subsurface clathrate layers. Finally we investigate the future in situ measurements, as well as the theoretical and experimental improvements that will be needed to better understand the influence of clathrates on the evolution of Mars and its atmosphere.     

Potential Effects of Surface Temperature Variations and Disturbances and Thermal Convection on the Mars InSight HP<Superscript>3</Superscript> Heat-Flow Determination

The HP³ instrument on the InSight lander mission will measure subsurface temperatures and thermal conductivities from which heat flow in the upper few meters of the regolith at the landing site will be calculated. The parameter to be determined is steady-state conductive heat flow, but temperatures may have transient perturbations resulting from surface temperature changes and there could be a component of thermal convection associated with heat transport by vertical flow of atmospheric gases over the depth interval of measurement. The experiment is designed so that it should penetrate to a depth below which surface temperature perturbations are smaller than the required measurement precision by the time the measurements are made. However, if the measurements are delayed after landing, and/or the probe does not penetrate to the desired depth, corrections may be necessary for the transient perturbations. Thermal convection is calculated to be negligible, but these calculations are based on unknown physical properties of the Mars regolith. The effects of thermal convection should be apparent at shallow depths where transient thermal perturbations would be observed to deviate from conductive theory. These calculations were required during proposal review and their probability of predicting a successful measurement a prerequisite for mission approval. However, their uncertainties lies in unmeasured physical parameters of the Mars regolith.     

有限推力下时间最优轨道转移

研究了一种有限推力作用下的时间最优轨道转移计算方法。以非奇异根素形式的高斯行星摄动方程为基础,由庞德里亚金极小值原理导出正则方程组,通过将最优控制问题转化为协状态初值为待优化参数的参数优化问题,并通过非线性规划求解得到的参数优化问题,从而避开求解两点边值问题的困难。文章最后给出2个算例,分别计算了零倾角零偏心率最优轨道转移和大倾角改变最优轨道转移。计算过程及结果表明本文所用方法对协状态初值猜测敏感性小,收敛迅速;零倾角零偏心率情况下无奇异;所得控制轨线光滑。     

基于CFAR检测的SAR噪声干扰效果评估方法

在研究美国林肯实验室的SAR恒虚警(CFAR)自动目标检测方法的基础上,分析了CFAR目标检测技术在不同噪声干扰强度下检测概率的变化情况,并结合图像相关性分析得出一种改进的基于CFAR检测技术的SAR噪声干扰效果评估方法.     

一种用于深空探测的Chirp变换频谱分析仪设计与实现

根据深空探测对频谱分析仪抗辐射、高分辨率、低功耗的需求,研究一种基于Chirp变换的高分辨率频谱分析仪设计及其实现.利用中心频率为1GHz、带宽为400MHz、色散时间为10μs的声表面波滤波器,提出了一种模拟和数字相结合的高分辨率频谱分析仪设计方案,并搭建原理实验系统完成了实测验证,其分析带宽为400MHz,频率分辨率达到152kHz,功耗约为3.6W.分析了压缩线器件非理想特性对频率分辨率的影响,利用实测压缩线频率响应特性获得幅度和相位补偿曲线,对展宽线信号进行幅相失配补偿.仿真结果表明,该补偿方法可将频率分辨率提高至108kHz.      

The Crab pulsar seen with AquEYE at Asiago Cima Ekar observatory

We are developing fast photon-counter instruments to study the rapid variability of astrophysical sources by time tagging photon arrival times with unprecedented accuracy, making use of a Rubidium clock and GPS receiver. The first realization of such optical photon-counters, dubbed AquEYE (the Asiago Quantum Eye), was mounted in 2008 at the 182 cm Copernicus Observatory in Asiago. AquEYE observed the Crab pulsar several times and collected data of extraordinary quality that allowed us to perform accurate optical timing of the Crab pulsar and to study the pulse shape stability on a timescale from days to years with an excellent definition. Our results reinforce the evidence for decadal stability of the inclination angle between the spin and magnetic axis of the Crab pulsar. Future realizations of our instrument will make use of the Galileo Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time signal.     

广义Burgers方程声爆传播模型高阶格式离散

声爆预测技术是研制新一代环保型超声速民机的关键技术之一。针对当前基于广义Burgers方程的声爆远场传播模型的数值求解格式精度较低的情况,开展了高阶格式离散方法研究。通过分析该模型中各效应项的物理性质,应用合适的高阶精度格式对各项分别进行离散求解,并采用经典几何声学射线法计算声爆传播路径,实现了对地面声爆波形的精准预测。通过对美国F-5E机型的声爆飞行试验和第二届国际声爆预测研讨会的典型算例进行数值模拟,验证了本文高阶离散方法的可靠性。进一步的结果分析表明,采用高阶离散格式的预测方法相比传统二阶精度预测方法具有明显的低耗散特性,在同等网格数目上可获得更高分辨率的计算结果,且其网格收敛性远优于传统二阶精度格式,同时在计算效率上也有一定优势;在Burgers方程的各效应项中,非线性项的影响更为明显,因而采用高阶离散格式时其优势更为突出;热黏性吸收项对数值结果影响较小,采用高阶离散格式对计算精度的提升效果也不明显,实际计算中仍可以采用传统离散格式,甚至忽略该项的贡献。