基于Fokker F27机群载荷谱损伤分散性计算分析

为考虑机群载荷谱分散性进行机群可靠性寿命评估,以56架Fokker F27飞机每次飞行的载荷因子-超越数曲线族为基础,编制得到56架飞机的载荷谱,选取SWT公式和线性累积损伤理论计算得到每架飞机的飞行载荷损伤、地-空-地载荷损伤和每次飞行载荷损伤,采用概率坐标回归方法进行拟合优度检验.结果表明,飞行载荷损伤服从威布尔分布、地-空-地载荷损伤服从对数正态分布,综合飞行载荷和地-空-地载荷损伤的每次飞行损伤服从对数正态分布,每次飞行损伤的对数标准差为0.073 7.      

柔片式密封数值计算及性能分析

针对高速转子柔片式密封系统,建立了密封区域流场的数学模型,采用一种修正的压力耦合方程组的半隐式方法(Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations Revised, SIMPLER)算法和有限差分法对数学模型进行数值求解,构建了柔片式密封性能分析程序,得到密封系统的压力场分布、速度场分布及泄漏量等,研究了不同结构参数和工况参数对密封性能的影响.分析结果表明:泄漏量随密封压差的增大呈线性增长趋势,而随转子转速的增大略有减小;增加柔片宽度、减小柔片长度、减小前/背板-转子间距均对降低密封系统的泄漏量有益,而柔片安装角度的变化则对密封系统的泄漏量影响不明显.基于流场的结果,柔片和转子的动力学响应将被研究.      

基于组合赋权的空管系统安全风险物元评价

空管系统的安全风险状况对航空运输安全运营有直接的影响。综合考虑空管系统安全运行管理的特点,构建空管系统安全风险的评价指标体系;应用欧几里得距离函数对空管系统安全风险评价指标进行组合赋权,确定空管系统安全风险评价指标的组合权重;引入物元分析方法建立空管系统安全风险评价物元模型,并进行实例验证。结果表明:物元分析方法能够评估空管系统整体的安全风险状况,得到了各个评价指标的安全风险状况,有助于采取针对性的有效措施提高空管部门的安全风险管理水平。     

基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信源DOA估计算法

提出了一种基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信号源DOA估计算法。首先对各个阵元的接收数据与参考阵元（第一个阵元）的接收数据的相关函数进行排列,形成Hermitian Toeplitz矩阵,然后通过奇异值分解可以得到信号子空间和噪声子空间,从而实现相干信源的DOA估计。该算法在不减少阵列有效孔径的情况下,增加了可估计相干信号源数目,并在低信噪比条件下能够得到较好的估计性能,计算机仿真结果证实了算法的有效性。     

大子午扩张涡轮的分离控制

大子午扩张涡轮易发生外端壁流动分离,并产生较强顶部二次流。采用对叶型型线外壁和内壁侧逐次前掠宽弦的方法对顶部分离进行控制,并对多个前掠宽弦方案进行全三维数值模拟、流场拓扑分析和流动对比,研究了前掠宽弦叶型在此类涡轮中的应用。结果表明：合理的前掠宽弦叶型能够有效地减弱甚至消除外端壁流动分离,改善顶部压力流向分布;同时也能很好地控制顶部二次流的发展,提高大子午扩张涡轮的气动性能。     

煤油/空气三管气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机

 在煤油/空气单管气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)研究基础上,建立了煤油/空气三管气动阀式PDE实验系统。在进气加温的条件下,以煤油为燃料,低污染空气为氧化剂,在内径为100 mm、长为2 000 mm的3个爆震管组成的三管气动阀式PDE中进行了多循环爆震实验,成功实现总工作频率30 Hz情况下,保证三管正常时序工作,在每个爆震管中均获得稳定发展的Chapman Jouguet(CJ)爆震波,研究了共用进气道对爆震室充填混气的影响和不同工作频率下三管气动阀式PDE的爆震波压力特性。研究结果为进一步研究多管PDE提供了基础,为探索脉冲爆震 涡扇组合发动机(PDTE)的可行性提供了初步的理论依据。     

电磁探测卫星星上自主规划模型及优化算法

电磁探测卫星自治(AEDS)是一类对地观测卫星,其搜集的信息对工业、科研和军事等领域有着重要的意义。针对电磁探测卫星有效载荷特点,建立了基于动态拓扑结构无环路有向图的星上自主规划数学模型,提出了基于标记更新最短路径搜索的星上自主规划精确算法,对其完备性和时间复杂度进行了分析。并对精确算法时间复杂度较高的缺点,将近似支配概念引入到模型中,提出了标记更新最短路径搜索近似算法,分析了算法的近似程度和时间复杂度。最后,根据模拟的数据进行实验及分析,表明该方法能有效解决电磁探测卫星自主任务规划问题。     

Effects of long-term low atmospheric pressure on gas exchange and growth of lettuce

The objectives of this research were to determine photosynthesis, evapotranspiration and growth of lettuce at long-term low atmospheric pressure. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Youmaicai) plants were grown at 40 kPa total pressure (8.4 kPa _pO₂$p_{{\text{O}}_2}$) or 101 kPa total pressure (20.9 kPa _pO₂$p_{{\text{O}}_2}$) from seed to harvest for 35 days. Germination rate of lettuce seeds decreased by 7.6% at low pressure, although this was not significant. There was no significant difference in crop photosynthetic rate between hypobaria and ambient pressure during the 35-day study. The crop evapotranspiration rate was significantly lower at low pressure than that at ambient pressure from 20 to 30 days after planting (DAP), but it had no significant difference before 20 DAP or after 30 DAP. The growth cycle of lettuce plants at low pressure was delayed. At low pressure, lettuce leaves were curly at the seedling stage and this disappeared gradually as the plants grew. Ambient lettuce plants were yellow and had an epinastic growth at harvest. The shoot height, leaf number, leaf length and shoot/root ratio were lower at low pressure than those at ambient pressure, while leaf area and root growth increased. Total biomass of lettuce plants grown at two pressures had no significant difference. Ethylene production at low pressure decreased significantly by 38.8% compared with ambient pressure. There was no significant difference in microelements, nutritional phytochemicals and nitrate concentrations at the two treatments. This research shows that lettuce can be grown at long-term low pressure (40 kPa) without significant adverse effects on seed germination, gas exchange and plant growth. Furthermore, ethylene release was reduced in hypobaria.     

Initial ground experiments of silkworm cultures living on different feedstock for provision of high quality animal protein for human in space

Silkworm could be an alternative to provide edible animal protein in Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) for long-term manned space missions. Silkworms can consume non-edible plant residue and convert plant nutrients to high quality edible animal protein for astronauts. The preliminary investigation of silkworm culture was carried out in earth environment. The silkworms were fed with artificial silkworm diet and the leaves of stem lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana Irish) separately and the nutritional structure of silkworm was investigated and compared, The culture experiments showed that: (1) Stem lettuce leaves could be used as food of silkworm. The protein content of silkworm fed with lettuce leaves can reach 70% of dry mass. (2) The protein content of silkworm powder produced by the fifth instar silkworm larvae was 70%, which was similar to the protein content of silkworm pupae. The powder of the fifth instar silkworm larvae can be utilized by astronaut. (3) The biotransformation rate of silkworm larvae between the third instar and the fifth instar could reach above 70%. The biotransformation cycle of silkworm was determined as 24 days. (4) Using the stem lettuce leaves to raise silkworm, the coarse fiber content of silkworm excrements reached about 33%. The requirements of space silkworm culture equipment, feeding approaches and feeding conditions were also preliminarily designed and calculated. It is estimated that 2.2 m³ of culture space could satisfy daily animal protein demand for seven astronauts.     

HEO倾角长期漂移与控制策略

考虑日月引力对卫星轨道的扰动影响,分析了大椭圆轨道(HEO)倾角漂移规律,推导了小倾角HEO轨道的倾角长期漂移解析公式。结合HEO轨道倾角保持要求,给出了相应倾角控制策略。以STK为比较验证软件平台,经仿真分析与比较可知:文中推导的小倾角HEO轨道的轨道倾角解析公式较STK计算偏差在5%以内,验证了解析公式正确性;基于推导的倾角长期漂移解析公式,进行了倾角控制仿真,仿真结果表明了控制策略的有效性,并同时体现了倾角长期漂移解析计算公式在工程中的作用。