基于时频分析的运载火箭故障特征提取技术

为尽可能从运载火箭飞行试验数据中获取更多有价值的信息,提出了新的火箭振动参数故障特征提取模型,用于火箭振动问题分析.构建了三维傅里叶谱,用于高效地分析全程观测信号频谱的时变趋势,研究了Wigner-Ville分布的标准算法与快速算法,用于精确刻画振动参数感兴趣数据段的频谱随时间的分布情况.试验结果表明:模型及方法处理火箭遥测数据直观、高效、精确,可以应用于实测数据分析.研究时频分析方法对试验数据进行更深层次的分析处理,对设计高可靠、高性能的运载火箭,具有重要意义.     

Investigation into Pilot Handling Qualities in Teleoperation Rendezvous and Docking with Time Delay

Teleoperation rendezvous and docking can be used as a backup for autonomous rendezvous and docking(RVD) for an unmanned spacecraft when the autonomous system is failure or for guiding the chaser docking with an uncooperative target.The theoretical model for analyzing the handling qualities in teleoperation RVD process is established based on the previous studies conducted by National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA).The predictive factor is introduced to describe the pilot’s predictive ability in the teleoperation tasks with time delay,which interrelates with the skills of a pilot and the predictive assist approach used in the tasks such as the predictive display method.Based on the semi-physical simulation system in our laboratory,900 experiments at two levels of time delay are carried out by 18 volunteers for validating the established model.The experimental results demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical model and indicate that a skilled pilot has a predictive ability of approximately 0.9 in teleoperation RVD tasks.The theoretical analysis shows that the handling qualities are greatly affected by the time delay and the predictive factor,and it is impossible to achieve a teleoperation RVD task for the skilled pilot when the time delay is larger than 9.0 s.     

一种基于信息一致性的卫星编队协同控制策略

提出一种基于信息一致性的分布式协同控制策略,实现了卫星编队的构型建立、保持与整体机动。首先根据编队各星的初始相对状态,应用一阶一致性算法,协商估计出编队整体系统基准参考点的相对状态;再根据编队整体系统模型预测方程,以凸优化方法规划出期望重构机动路径;之后设计了基于二阶一致性算法的反馈协同控制律,使各星彼此协同地跟踪期望路径与构型、整体机动参考信息,并证明了系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明:只要在基准参考点一致性估计过程中信息拓扑图中存在最大生成树,该策略就能实现卫星编队的协同机动;反馈协同控制律能有效消除相对初始状态误差与地球非球形摄动J2项引起的各星状态偏离,并具有较好的容错性;与传统方法相比,本文方法在燃料消耗总量与均衡性方面均有所改善,且在构型快速建立或重构时,燃料消耗总量方面优势较为明显。     

电磁探测卫星星上自主规划模型及优化算法

电磁探测卫星自治(AEDS)是一类对地观测卫星,其搜集的信息对工业、科研和军事等领域有着重要的意义。针对电磁探测卫星有效载荷特点,建立了基于动态拓扑结构无环路有向图的星上自主规划数学模型,提出了基于标记更新最短路径搜索的星上自主规划精确算法,对其完备性和时间复杂度进行了分析。并对精确算法时间复杂度较高的缺点,将近似支配概念引入到模型中,提出了标记更新最短路径搜索近似算法,分析了算法的近似程度和时间复杂度。最后,根据模拟的数据进行实验及分析,表明该方法能有效解决电磁探测卫星自主任务规划问题。     

超声速非平行边界层的非线性稳定性研究(英文)

用非线性抛物化稳定性方程(NPSE),研究超声速非平行边界层的扰动波的非线性演化过程。发展了高精度的数值方法,对NPSE进行有效求解和稳定推进。计算得到了各谐波的振幅增长曲线和不同的扰动剖面函数,特别是展示了谐波之间的非线性作用的物理特征,包括流向涡、展向涡和Λ结构的形成和演化等,以进行转捩过程的机理研究和分析。NPSE的计算结果显示了这个新方法是研究超声速边界层非线性稳定性的有效方法。     

Effects of long-term low atmospheric pressure on gas exchange and growth of lettuce

The objectives of this research were to determine photosynthesis, evapotranspiration and growth of lettuce at long-term low atmospheric pressure. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Youmaicai) plants were grown at 40 kPa total pressure (8.4 kPa _pO₂$p_{{\text{O}}_2}$) or 101 kPa total pressure (20.9 kPa _pO₂$p_{{\text{O}}_2}$) from seed to harvest for 35 days. Germination rate of lettuce seeds decreased by 7.6% at low pressure, although this was not significant. There was no significant difference in crop photosynthetic rate between hypobaria and ambient pressure during the 35-day study. The crop evapotranspiration rate was significantly lower at low pressure than that at ambient pressure from 20 to 30 days after planting (DAP), but it had no significant difference before 20 DAP or after 30 DAP. The growth cycle of lettuce plants at low pressure was delayed. At low pressure, lettuce leaves were curly at the seedling stage and this disappeared gradually as the plants grew. Ambient lettuce plants were yellow and had an epinastic growth at harvest. The shoot height, leaf number, leaf length and shoot/root ratio were lower at low pressure than those at ambient pressure, while leaf area and root growth increased. Total biomass of lettuce plants grown at two pressures had no significant difference. Ethylene production at low pressure decreased significantly by 38.8% compared with ambient pressure. There was no significant difference in microelements, nutritional phytochemicals and nitrate concentrations at the two treatments. This research shows that lettuce can be grown at long-term low pressure (40 kPa) without significant adverse effects on seed germination, gas exchange and plant growth. Furthermore, ethylene release was reduced in hypobaria.     

Initial ground experiments of silkworm cultures living on different feedstock for provision of high quality animal protein for human in space

Silkworm could be an alternative to provide edible animal protein in Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) for long-term manned space missions. Silkworms can consume non-edible plant residue and convert plant nutrients to high quality edible animal protein for astronauts. The preliminary investigation of silkworm culture was carried out in earth environment. The silkworms were fed with artificial silkworm diet and the leaves of stem lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana Irish) separately and the nutritional structure of silkworm was investigated and compared, The culture experiments showed that: (1) Stem lettuce leaves could be used as food of silkworm. The protein content of silkworm fed with lettuce leaves can reach 70% of dry mass. (2) The protein content of silkworm powder produced by the fifth instar silkworm larvae was 70%, which was similar to the protein content of silkworm pupae. The powder of the fifth instar silkworm larvae can be utilized by astronaut. (3) The biotransformation rate of silkworm larvae between the third instar and the fifth instar could reach above 70%. The biotransformation cycle of silkworm was determined as 24 days. (4) Using the stem lettuce leaves to raise silkworm, the coarse fiber content of silkworm excrements reached about 33%. The requirements of space silkworm culture equipment, feeding approaches and feeding conditions were also preliminarily designed and calculated. It is estimated that 2.2 m³ of culture space could satisfy daily animal protein demand for seven astronauts.     

HEO倾角长期漂移与控制策略

考虑日月引力对卫星轨道的扰动影响,分析了大椭圆轨道(HEO)倾角漂移规律,推导了小倾角HEO轨道的倾角长期漂移解析公式。结合HEO轨道倾角保持要求,给出了相应倾角控制策略。以STK为比较验证软件平台,经仿真分析与比较可知:文中推导的小倾角HEO轨道的轨道倾角解析公式较STK计算偏差在5%以内,验证了解析公式正确性;基于推导的倾角长期漂移解析公式,进行了倾角控制仿真,仿真结果表明了控制策略的有效性,并同时体现了倾角长期漂移解析计算公式在工程中的作用。     

无线传感网的分布式非测距三维定位算法

为解决三维空间无线传感器网络节点定位问题,基于区域立体网格化表示的思想,提出一种分布式非测距三维定位算法3D-DRL(three-Dimensional Distributed Range-free Localization).通过对立体网格投票,选取得票值最高的所有网格的质心作为未知节点的估计位置.3D-DRL无需未知节点间相互通信,具有较小的通信开销,不依赖于锚节点比例,且对网络拓扑结构具有鲁棒性.仿真结果表明,在无线传播环境理想、未知节点通信半径R=50 m、所有节点均随机部署在100 m×100 m×100 m三维区域的情况下,定位误差小于未知节点通信半径的8%,且通过调整VANR,能够实现所有节点的定位.     

面向对象的虚拟组织集成建模方法

提出了一种适应虚拟组织业务过程动态变化的虚拟组织集成建模方法(VOIM,Virtual Organization Integrated modeling),该方法集标准化面向对象的建模语言(UML,Unified Modeling Language)、功能建模集成化定义方法(IDEF0,Integration Definition for Function Modeling)和事件驱动过程链(EPC,Event-driven Process Chain)为一体,以弥补单一方法的不足,适合复杂系统特别是虚拟组织的建模,其中:IDEF0对虚拟组织的功能建模,EPC对功能视图进行细化,UML通过实体映射关系把虚拟组织模型的各个视图有机结合起来,有利于实现系统的模块化和模型的重用;同时对建模过程中UML到EPC之间的转换方法进行了研究.最后对模型进行了形式化描述,从而使VOIM具备严格定义的抽象语法和语义,为模型的验证和仿真提供了良好的基础.