排序方式: 共有54条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Bebout BM Carpenter SP Des Marais DJ Discipulo M Embaye T Garcia-Pichel F Hoehler TM Hogan M Jahnke LL Keller RM Miller SR Prufert-Bebout LE Raleigh C Rothrock M Turk K 《Astrobiology》2002,2(4):383-402
Photosynthetic microbial mat communities were obtained from marine hypersaline saltern ponds, maintained in a greenhouse facility, and examined for the effects of salinity variations. Because these microbial mats are considered to be useful analogs of ancient marine communities, they offer insights about evolutionary events during the >3 billion year time interval wherein mats co-evolved with Earth's lithosphere and atmosphere. Although photosynthetic mats can be highly dynamic and exhibit extremely high activity, the mats in the present study have been maintained for >1 year with relatively minor changes. The major groups of microorganisms, as assayed using microscopic, genetic, and biomarker methodologies, are essentially the same as those in the original field samples. Field and greenhouse mats were similar with respect to rates of exchange of oxygen and dissolved inorganic carbon across the mat-water interface, both during the day and at night. Field and greenhouse mats exhibited similar rates of efflux of methane and hydrogen. Manipulations of salinity in the water overlying the mats produced changes in the community that strongly resemble those observed in the field. A collaboratory testbed and an array of automated features are being developed to support remote scientific experimentation with the assistance of intelligent software agents. This facility will permit teams of investigators the opportunity to explore ancient environmental conditions that are rare or absent today but that might have influenced the early evolution of these photosynthetic ecosystems. 相似文献
32.
Des Marais DJ Nuth JA Allamandola LJ Boss AP Farmer JD Hoehler TM Jakosky BM Meadows VS Pohorille A Runnegar B Spormann AM 《Astrobiology》2008,8(4):715-730
The NASA Astrobiology Roadmap provides guidance for research and technology development across the NASA enterprises that encompass the space, Earth, and biological sciences. The ongoing development of astrobiology roadmaps embodies the contributions of diverse scientists and technologists from government, universities, and private institutions. The Roadmap addresses three basic questions: how does life begin and evolve, does life exist elsewhere in the universe, and what is the future of life on Earth and beyond? Seven Science Goals outline the following key domains of investigation: understanding the nature and distribution of habitable environments in the universe, exploring for habitable environments and life in our own Solar System, understanding the emergence of life, determining how early life on Earth interacted and evolved with its changing environment, understanding the evolutionary mechanisms and environmental limits of life, determining the principles that will shape life in the future, and recognizing signatures of life on other worlds and on early Earth. For each of these goals, Science Objectives outline more specific high priority efforts for the next three to five years. These eighteen objectives are being integrated with NASA strategic planning. 相似文献
33.
网络计算环境下任务调度问题研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用网上空闲处理机组成机群并行计算环境是快速增长的研究领域,任务调度是其中最关键性的问题之一.在基于消息传递机制的网络并行计算环境下,针对一类大粒度计算任务并行时协同同步工作问题,发展了一种新的静态调度模型,提出了调度算法,它映射一类特殊的并行程序任务到由网络上若干空闲处理机组成的机群中.研究表明该算法能减少此类并行程序的完成时间. 相似文献
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Geochemical constraints on sources of metabolic energy for chemolithoautotrophy in ultramafic-hosted deep-sea hydrothermal systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
McCollom TM 《Astrobiology》2007,7(6):933-950
Numerical models are employed to investigate sources of chemical energy for autotrophic microbial metabolism that develop during mixing of oxidized seawater with strongly reduced fluids discharged from ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems on the seafloor. Hydrothermal fluids in these systems are highly enriched in H(2) and CH(4) as a result of alteration of ultramafic rocks (serpentinization) in the subsurface. Based on the availability of chemical energy sources, inferences are made about the likely metabolic diversity, relative abundance, and spatial distribution of microorganisms within ultramafic-hosted systems. Metabolic reactions involving H(2) and CH(4), particularly hydrogen oxidation, methanotrophy, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis, represent the predominant sources of chemical energy during fluid mixing. Owing to chemical gradients that develop from fluid mixing, aerobic metabolisms are likely to predominate in low-temperature environments (<20-30 degrees C), while anaerobes will dominate higher-temperature environments. Overall, aerobic metabolic reactions can supply up to approximately 7 kJ of energy per kilogram of hydrothermal fluid, while anaerobic metabolic reactions can supply about 1 kJ, which is sufficient to support a maximum of approximately 120 mg (dry weight) of primary biomass production by aerobic organisms and approximately 20-30 mg biomass by anaerobes. The results indicate that ultramafic-hosted systems are capable of supplying about twice as much chemical energy as analogous deep-sea hydrothermal systems hosted in basaltic rocks. 相似文献
39.
40.
卫星交换系统中的光与分组两种异构业务需要进行融合交换,为了合理利用卫星异构交换系统中的异构路径资源,需要对异构交换路径采用一体化生成方法.基于卫星异构融合交换结构模型,定义了异构路径影响因子,用以定量衡量异构路径对整体交换性能的影响,并针对卫星交换结构特点,采用交换系统子路径个数以及路径转换参数作为约束条件,通过构建异... 相似文献