铱（Iridium）系统介绍

文章较详细地介绍了初期Iridium卫星通信系统的各组成部分、外部实体和运营计费等方面的内容细节.     

Multilevel Tests and Measurement Evaluation Methods for the Application of Composite Materials in Spacecraft Structures

With the implementation of new-generation launch vehicles, space stations, lunar and deep space exploration, etc., the development of spacecraft structures will face new challenges. In order to reduce the spacecraft weight and increase the payload, composite material structures will be widely used. It is difficult to evaluate the strength and life of composite materials due to their complex mechanism and various phenomena in damage and failure. Meanwhile, the structures of composite materials used in spacecrafts will bear complex loads, including the coupling loads of tension, pressure, bending, shear, and torsion. Static loads, thermal loads, and vibration loads may occur at the same time, which asks for verification requirements to ensure the structure safety. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a systematic multi-level experimental study. In this paper, the building block approach (BBA) is used to investigate the multilevel composite material structures for spacecrafts. The advanced measurement technology is adopted based on digital image correlation (DIC) and piezoelectric and optical fiber sensors to measure the composite material structure deformation. The virtual experiment technology is applied to provide sufficient and reliable data for the evaluation of the composite material structures of spacecrafts.     

用于热真空环境下整星微波无线测试的低PIM吸波热沉研制

随着通信卫星技术的发展,收发共用已成为通信卫星有效载荷常用的设计方法,在这种情况下,无源互调(passive intermodulation,PIM)问题就显得尤为突出。为了完成整星及转发器分系统在热真空环境下的PIM指标测试,利用碳化硅吸波材料研制了一种低PIM吸波热沉,并利用该吸波热沉建立了指标小于150 dBm的低PIM测试环境,同时兼具热流模拟功能和微波功率耐受能力。在热真空环境下圆满完成了国内首次有整星参与的微波载荷无线PIM测试试验。     

Experiments of flow and heat transfer performances for air-cooling laminated turbine vane

Flow resistance and heat transfer coefficients of typical double wall laminated film cooling configuration within a turbine vane were experimentally studied.The specimen was in large scale,and made of transparent organic glass.Laminated configuration consisted of double wall laminates,pin-fins,staggered arrays of impingement and film holes.The number ratio of impingement holes,pin-fins and film holes was2∶1∶1.Five experiment vanes were installed in static cascade,and experiments were carried out under constant heat flux.Re of internal cooling air in the experiment was from 104 to 2×105,and Re of external fluid was from 105 to 3×105.The experiment results show that flow resistances of front channel and back channel of the vane are in the same level,and both of them decrease as Re of cooling air increases.Nuof front channel is slightly higher than that of back channel.Both of them increase as Re of cooling air increases.And experiment results were obtained from experiment vanes were compared with that obtained from laminated flat plates,and the tendency of the results agrees well.     

二次空气系统一维非定常计算方法

研究了燃气轮机二次空气系统的非定常计算方法.通过将整个二次空气系统划分为两部分,特征"长"元件以及局部损失元件.特征线法用于单个特征"长"元件的求解,通过将连续方程、动量方程、能量方程构成的偏微分方程组转换为常微分方程组并联立求解,可以充分考虑内部流动与换热的相互影响;基于压力修正的流体网络法则用于由多个局部损失元件组成的局部流体网络,首先对动量方程组进行求解,进而对各自的能量方程进行求解.如何在采用这两种方法进行求解的上述两类元件之间进行数据交互将被讨论.此外,所提出的时间步长定义方法以及改进的元件计算模型使得二次空气系统的非定常分析得以实现.计算程序经与某系统定常实验数据及单个元件的非定常计算数据进行对比,在10s的计算时间内,基于特征线法得到结果与CFD数据偏差达到10.2%,结果表明该计算程序可以满足二次空气系统非定常计算的要求.     

发动机短舱溢流阻力的数值模拟

 为分析发动机溢流阻力的产生原因并为进气道-发动机匹配研究提供一定的技术支持,以典型的发动机短舱为研究对象,分析了短舱上的进气道阻力,并详细介绍了相应溢流阻力的数值计算方法。在对发动机短舱外流模拟时,通过引入两个和发动机参数相关的数值边界条件,即一个是定流量的发动机进气道入流边界,另一个是定总温总压的发动机喷流边界,避免了对发动机复杂内流的模拟。利用NACA-1-81-100发动机进气道作为标准算例,验证了数值方法的可行性。通过模拟发动机短舱在不同工作流量下的流动,认为发动机短舱的溢流阻力产生归因为溢流造成的发动机外表面的阻力变化,以及捕获流管变细导致的附加阻力增加。     

航空发动机叶片多轴疲劳试验研究进展

近几年航空发动机叶片失效分析的统计表明,叶片失效多由离心力叠加异常振动的多轴疲劳载荷引起.总结现有单一载荷加载、双轴载荷加载等多轴疲劳试验方法的优缺点,并分析其在评价航空发动机叶片多轴疲劳时存在的问题.重点介绍目前国际上最新研制的可有效模拟发动机叶片受力状态的拉伸-弯曲振动多轴疲劳试验方法.建议尽快建立适合我国航空发动机叶片的多轴疲劳试验系统.     

星载SAR亚马逊雨林辐射定标仿真研究

辐射定标是准确、定量描述星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统性能的重要手段.星载SAR在轨运行期间,天线方向图较之发射前可能存在较大的失真,从而严重影响所获取的SAR图像数据质量,因此准确测量在轨飞行时天线俯仰向方向图特性并予以补偿是星载SAR辐射定标的主要内容之一.利用具有均匀后向散射系数特性的分布目标进行外定标是测量双程俯仰向天线方向图的最佳方案,而亚马逊雨林是全球最稳定、最均匀、最平坦的分布目标,后向散射系数几乎不随入射角变化,是公认的理想测试场地.鉴于目前我国尚无自行采集的星载SAR图像数据,我们对星载SAR回波功率仿真、天线方向图模型参数估算进行了深入、系统的研究,利用仿真的亚马逊雨林SAR功率图像成功地实现了星载SAR俯仰向天线方向图在轨测试关键环节的模拟,对我国的星载SAR辐射定标研究具有一定的理论意义和重要的工程实用价值.      

壁式与径向组合稳定器的流动与点火特性研究

为实现多模态冲压燃烧室全工况范围内的可靠点火及稳定燃烧,本文提出一种壁式稳定器和径向稳定器组合设计方案以提高在高速来流下的点火与传焰性能。本文数值研究了壁式+径向组合稳定器在不同结构参数下的流动特性,试验测量不同结构组合稳定器的点火极限,并利用回流率、质量交换率以及流动停留时间等参数揭示稳定器结构参数对点火性能的影响。研究结果表明：台阶高度及径向稳定器倾角通过改变流场结构进而影响点火性能。台阶高度越高,回流区结构越大,点火极限越低;在与径向稳定器组合后,值班稳定器内回流区沿径向稳定器向主流冷流区延伸,散热增强,同时点火释放能量易被径向回流带出值班区,因此点火极限增加。随着径向稳定器前倾角度增加,回流区与主流质量交换增加,流动停留时间缩短,导致点火性能的降低。本文结果可为多模态冲压发动机的工程研制提供技术支撑。     

C／SiC复合材料与CVDSiC涂层的结合性能研究

采用先驱体转化法(PIP方法)制备C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料,通过调整多孔预制件的体积密度制备出不同组分比的C/SiC复合材料。结果显示,C/SiC复合材料的热膨胀系数随着复合材料中SiC含量的增加而增加,其与CVDSiC涂层之间的热匹配也相应增加,通过CVI方法制备梯度过渡层,在C/SiC复合材料表面制备出致密度较高的CVDSiC涂层。