首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   2503篇
  免费   2篇
  国内免费   6篇
航空   1227篇
航天技术   1003篇
综合类   5篇
航天   276篇
  2021年   14篇
  2019年   15篇
  2018年   40篇
  2017年   34篇
  2016年   25篇
  2015年   11篇
  2014年   50篇
  2013年   61篇
  2012年   51篇
  2011年   88篇
  2010年   65篇
  2009年   108篇
  2008年   152篇
  2007年   62篇
  2006年   46篇
  2005年   62篇
  2004年   72篇
  2003年   91篇
  2002年   46篇
  2001年   101篇
  2000年   45篇
  1999年   86篇
  1998年   85篇
  1997年   63篇
  1996年   63篇
  1995年   89篇
  1994年   97篇
  1993年   38篇
  1992年   60篇
  1991年   22篇
  1990年   28篇
  1989年   57篇
  1988年   20篇
  1987年   36篇
  1986年   19篇
  1985年   75篇
  1984年   42篇
  1983年   46篇
  1982年   55篇
  1981年   77篇
  1980年   26篇
  1979年   24篇
  1978年   22篇
  1977年   18篇
  1976年   15篇
  1975年   18篇
  1974年   12篇
  1972年   17篇
  1969年   13篇
  1966年   8篇
排序方式: 共有2511条查询结果,搜索用时 182 毫秒
551.
Results of in-flight tests of three modes of uncontrolled attitude motion of the Progress spacecraft are described. These proposed modes of experiments related to microgravity are as follows: (1) triaxial gravitational orientation, (2) gravitational orientation of the rotating satellite, and (3) spin-up in the plane of the orbit around the axis of the maximum moment of inertia. The tests were carried out from May 24 to June 1, 2004 onboard the spacecraft Progress M1-11. The actual motion of this spacecraft with respect to its center of mass, in the above-mentioned modes, was determined by telemetric information about an electric current tapped off from solar batteries. The values of the current obtained during a time interval of several hours were processed jointly using the least squares method by integration of the equations of the spacecraft’s attitude motion. The processing resulted in estimation of the initial conditions of motion and of the parameters of mathematical models used. For the obtained motions the quasi-static component of microaccelerations was computed at a point onboard, where installation of experimental equipment is possible.  相似文献   
552.
Demonstrating performance of the applications of Earth observation satellite-based science data products and services is increasingly a requirement of government research agencies. We present efforts from the NASA-funded Earth Observing System Data and Information System's Synergy Project to measure performance in the development of applications from NASA research and development projects. We summarize challenges in monitoring performance and share our experience in evolving metrics over a 5-year project life. We demonstrate how to adapt project management processes and metrics from the information technology (IT) industry to Earth observation applications research and development. A roadmap for adapting IT processes and developing metrics and examples of quantitative and qualitative metrics are provided. Our findings suggest that designing and implementing these IT metrics will enhance project success, as defined by the degree of penetration of NASA products into the user community and level of non-NASA funding secured.  相似文献   
553.
Most of the previously obtained data on cosmonauts' metabolic state concerned certain stages of the postflight period. In this connection, all conclusions, as to metabolism peculiarities during the space flight, were to a large extent probabilistic. The purpose of this work was study of metabolism characteristics in cosmonauts directly during long-term space flights. In the capillary blood samples taken from a finger, by "Reflotron IV" biochemical analyzer, "Boehringer Mannheim" GmbH, Germany, adapted to weightlessness environments, the activity of GOT, GPT, CK, gamma-GT, total and pancreatic amylase, as well as concentration of hemoglobin, glucose, total bilirubin, uric acid, urea, creatinine, total, HDL- and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides had been determined. HDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio also was computed. The crewmembers of 6 main missions to the "Mir" orbital station, a total of 17 cosmonauts, were examined. Biochemical tests were carried out 30-60 days before launch, and in the flights different stages between the 25-th and the 423-rd days of flights. In cosmonauts during space flight had been found tendency to increase, in compare with basal level, GOT, GPT, total amylase activity, glucose and total cholesterol concentration, and tendency to decrease of CK activity, hemoglobin, HDL-cholesterol concentration, and HDL/LDL - cholesterol ratio. Some definite trends in variations of other determined biochemical parameters had not been found. The same trends of mentioned biochemical parameters alterations observed in majority of tested cosmonauts, allows to suppose existence of connection between noted metabolic alterations with influence of space flight conditions upon cosmonaut's body. Variations of other studied blood biochemical parameters depends on, probably, pure individual causes.  相似文献   
554.
An advanced, multiple projection, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (AMPDXA) scanner system is under development. The AMPDXA is designed to make precision bone and muscle loss measurements necessary to determine the deleterious effects of microgravity on astronauts as well as develop countermeasures to stem their bone and muscle loss. To date, a full size test system has been developed to verify principles and the results of computer simulations. Results indicate that accurate predictions of bone mechanical properties can be determined from as few as three projections, while more projections are needed for a complete, three-dimensional reconstruction.  相似文献   
555.
This paper investigates the effects of fading and predetection diversity on the error-rate performance of digital FM discriminator systems. Results are presented in graphs showing the relative improvement of the error rate for several types of diversity, and are compared with the well-known FSK systems. It is also shown that an optimum modulation index giving the minimum attainable probability of error for narrowband digital FM is not affected by the effect of fading, carrier-to-noise ratio, or the types and order of diversity.  相似文献   
556.
Lifetime earnings of a high school graduate of $150 000 can be increased to $725 000 with a doctorate. Continued study is required to ?stand still? with an engineering half life of ten years. These points, among others, point to the value of investment in continued education.  相似文献   
557.
The dynamical features of the climate system result from the interaction of the atmosphere with the surface. The hope for improving climate prediction, on seasonal and interannual time scales, is based on the premise that slowly varying boundary conditions force well defined predictable patterns of general circulation.It is now recognized that in models of surface climate over land, surface properties should not be regarded as constants and that it is important to specify a realistic value of the surface albedo1 in order to correctly estimate the amount of solar radiation absorbed at the surface. The albedo is also considered by some as an internal dependent parameter of climate, since it time integrates the effects of changes in more variable quantities, such as rainfall.The global nature of the links between forcing and response imply global monitoring of the parameters which control the transfer and feedback of the energy at the surface/atmosphere interface. Satellites can play an important role in resolving the difficult problem of properly representing the average surface albedo over large areas. However, satellites measure only the earth-atmosphere reflectance in narrow spectral intervals, narrow solid angles, and in most cases at a fixed local time. To derive from these observations the effective surface albedo, one has to compute the total reflected planetary flux, integrated over the whole solar spectrum, over all the viewing angles, and over time. A transformation from top of the atmosphere to the surface is also required.In this presentation the implications of atmospheric corrections, bidirectional reflectance, and transformations from narrow spectral bands to the total solar spectrum for albedo derivations will be addressed. Also, the various attempts to derive surface reflectivity and surface albedo from satellites will be reviewed.  相似文献   
558.
Growth of dark-grown Arabidopsis hypocotyls was suppressed under hypergravity conditions (300 g), or was stimulated under microgravity conditions in space (Space Shuttle STS-95). The mechanical extensibility of cell walls decreased and increased under hypergravity and microgravity conditions, respectively. The amounts of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicellulose-I, hemicellulose-II and cellulose) per unit length of hypocotyls increased under hypergravity conditions, and decreased under microgravity conditions. The amount and the molecular mass of xyloglucans also increased under the hypergravity conditions, while those decreased under microgravity conditions. The activity of xyloglucan-degrading enzymes extracted from hypocotyl cell walls decreased and increased under hypergravity and microgravity conditions, respectively. These results indicate that the amount and the molecular mass of xyloglucans are affected by the magnitude of gravity and that such changes are caused by changes in xyloglucan-degrading activity. Modifications of xyloglucan metabolism as well as the thickness of cell walls by gravity stimulus may be the primary event determining the cell wall extensibility, thereby regulating the growth rate of Arabidopsis hypocotyls.  相似文献   
559.
Regenerative life support systems based on the use of biological material have been considered for inclusion in manned spacecraft since the early days of the United States space program. These biological life support systems are currently being developed by NASA in the Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) program. Because of the progress being achieved in the CELSS program, it is time to determine which space missions may profit from use of the developing technology. This paper presents the results of a study that was conducted to estimate where potential transportation cost savings could be anticipated by using CELSS technology for selected future manned space missions.

Six representative missions were selected for study from those included in NASA planning studies. The selected missions ranged from a low Earth orbit mission to those associated with asteroids and a Mars sortie. The crew sizes considered varied from four persons to five thousand. Other study parameters included mission duration and life support closure percentages, with the latter ranging from complete resupply of consumable life support materials to 97% closure of the life support system. The paper presents the analytical study approach and describes the missions and systems considered, together with the benefits derived from CELSS when applicable.  相似文献   

560.
We present preliminary results from analyses of hard X-ray and optical observations of a soft X-ray selected sample. We created a small but complete sample with 20 of the softest and brightest objects with low Galactic absorption from the ROSAT bright soft X-ray selected radio-quiet AGN sample. This sample consists of 10 narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies and 10 broad-line Seyfert galaxies. We analyze ASCA data in the 0.6–10 keV band and optical spectra from ground-based telescopes. We investigate the photon indices in the hard X-ray band, soft excesses in the ASCA band, and optical emission line properties. The photon indices in the 2–10 keV band are nominal for both narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies and broad-line Seyfert 1 galaxies in each class compared with other heterogeneous samples. All of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies show soft excesses, but this component seems to be less significant for broad-line Seyfert 1 galaxies. There seems to be a trend of steeper X-ray spectra to be accompanied by narrower Hβ for narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, but this is not extended to the larger velocity width regime of broad-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, and no clear trend is seen among them.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号