俄罗斯琥珀类光学侦察卫星

文章叙述前苏联琥珀（Ｙａｎｔａｒ）类光学侦察卫星包括凤凰（Ｆｅｎｉｋｓ）、彗星（Ｏｋｔａｎ）、钴（Ｋｏｍｅｔａ）、特里纶（Ｔｅｒｉｌｅｎ）、涅曼（Ｎｅｍａｎ）等卫星的性能和结构。     

垂直发射试验计划的实验导弹

奥托布鲁报道:几年来,MBB公司军械部(UA)主要是从事研制垂直发射的地(舰)空导弹.由西德国防部提供资金,MBB公司已为“垂直发射试验计划”制造了八枚实验导弹.实验成果有助于形成新一代的防空系统的构想.由军械部(UA)提出的这一试验计划提供有代表性的、典型的、最新一代的地(舰)空武器系统并证实了迄今为止还是理     

MX导弹喷管用先进材料评论 Ⅱ 第一级喷管的先进材料

本文是评论MX导弹喷管先进材料的三篇文章中的第二篇。第一篇文章于1977年4月在SAMPE季刊中发表(译文见“固体火箭技术”1978年第二期第99—105页),综述了MX导弹喷管对材料的要求,叙述了石墨材料的结构、性质和性能之间的关系。本文继续对MX的第一级和第二级发动机喷管所用先进材料进一步进行评价。     

防空导弹引战配合设计变分问题的近似求解

以破片杀伤战斗部的破片动态相对飞散密度函数作为设计变元，得到单枚导弹战斗部对空中目标的杀伤概率泛函。于是，对防空导弹引战配合的设计就转化为求解相应的变分问题（VP）。通过里兹法对此进行了近似求解，求解结果与实际的引战配合情况完全符合。这说明防空导弹引战配合设计的变分法是可行的，从而为现代防空导弹引战配合在更广泛的类型中寻求最佳设计提供了有效的方法和手段。     

Effect of weightlessness on posture and movement control during a whole body reaching task

Here are reported preliminary results of the “Synergy” experiment performed aboard the Russian orbital station “MIR” in July 1993 (Altaïr Mission). The experiment was carried out before, during, and after the space flight of two astronauts (S1 and S2). The duration of the flight was 21 days for S1 and 6 month for S2. The subjects were tested during preflight, inflight and postflight. The astronaut subjects were fixed on the ground by the feet. They were asked to pick up a box in front of them on the ground. Two velocities of movement and two distances of the target to be reached were tested. The movement of several small markers placed on the body was recorded on video tape.

Results show that the shape of head and hand trajectories in the sagittal plane remains roughly the same during the flight in spite of the modification of mechanical constraints. Trajectory invariance does not result in joint angular displacement invariance. These data indicate that the planning of the movement takes place in terms of head and hand trajectories rather than joint rotations as it was previously suggested for simple arm reaching movement.     

Goals and preparation method for ground operations for the manned space flight Altair

The mission's success fully depends on the Payload Operations conducted during the space flight. The Ground Team has to be trained to assist the Space Crew, to replan the cosmonaut's activities when contingengies occurr onboard and to change or cancel Payload activities when required. In order to act efficiently during the mission, the Ground Team must be prepared in advance of the flight and able to operate special tools for tracking the mission's progress, anticipating problems and taking decisions in realtime.

This document sets out the approach for conducting such a preparation for Ground Operation. It will be focused on the Altaïr mission performed in July 1993 onboard the Russian Mir space station.     

Remote assistance experiment during the manned space flight Altair

This remote assistance trial, performed within the framework of the manned space flight Altaïr, was carried out by CADMOS (CNES), with the cooperation of the Sub-directorate of CNES Operational Systems, Medes, LBM of Tours and Christol Consultants. It consisted of supplying the cosmonaut performing the Orthostatism experiment (echograph acquisition) on board the Mir station with realtime assistance by an expert (LBM of Tours) working from the ground on the CADMOS premises. The various steps of the approach followed during the preparation phase are described, as well as the technical means of communication used between the Mir station and CADMOS.     

雷达的韧性、适应性和容量,以及反馈控制的重要性

雷达的作用是向其他系统提供信息,这是不会改变的.现在雷达采用了各种技术,这使雷达比以往任何时候都更经常地采用反馈控制方法来获得韧性、适应性和容量.使雷达对已取得的数据起反应,使反馈控制技术的全部效益发挥出来,只有这样才能设计出更为有价值的雷达来.     

固体火箭发动机的加速度效应

本文研究旋转固体火箭发动机在加速度载菏下的性能变化。根据至今己提出的4种重要模式:力学模式、热力学模式、应力模式、气动力学模式,得出了每种模式的简化模型,并附加了一个内弹道计算机程序。分析结果表明,应力模式对圆孔药柱并不重要。其它模式对固体发动机性能都有影响。分析结果与发动机数据比较表明,侵蚀燃烧效应是旋转速度的函数。