MX导弹喷管用先进材料评论 Ⅱ 第一级喷管的先进材料

本文是评论MX导弹喷管先进材料的三篇文章中的第二篇。第一篇文章于1977年4月在SAMPE季刊中发表(译文见“固体火箭技术”1978年第二期第99—105页),综述了MX导弹喷管对材料的要求,叙述了石墨材料的结构、性质和性能之间的关系。本文继续对MX的第一级和第二级发动机喷管所用先进材料进一步进行评价。     

未来电子战的一种对抗措施

反辐射导弹和隐身飞行技术,将是未来电子战的重大威胁。为此,本文提出了研制被动跟踪空中辐射源或干扰源的被动微波和红外复合双模导引头的想法,供有关方面人员研究参考。     

一种基于反馈精确线性化的空间拦截末制导律

本文用反馈线性化理论研究了一种空间末制导模型，提出了非线性末制导律，并进行了数字仿真。     

Effect of weightlessness on posture and movement control during a whole body reaching task

Here are reported preliminary results of the “Synergy” experiment performed aboard the Russian orbital station “MIR” in July 1993 (Altaïr Mission). The experiment was carried out before, during, and after the space flight of two astronauts (S1 and S2). The duration of the flight was 21 days for S1 and 6 month for S2. The subjects were tested during preflight, inflight and postflight. The astronaut subjects were fixed on the ground by the feet. They were asked to pick up a box in front of them on the ground. Two velocities of movement and two distances of the target to be reached were tested. The movement of several small markers placed on the body was recorded on video tape.

Results show that the shape of head and hand trajectories in the sagittal plane remains roughly the same during the flight in spite of the modification of mechanical constraints. Trajectory invariance does not result in joint angular displacement invariance. These data indicate that the planning of the movement takes place in terms of head and hand trajectories rather than joint rotations as it was previously suggested for simple arm reaching movement.     

Goals and preparation method for ground operations for the manned space flight Altair

The mission's success fully depends on the Payload Operations conducted during the space flight. The Ground Team has to be trained to assist the Space Crew, to replan the cosmonaut's activities when contingengies occurr onboard and to change or cancel Payload activities when required. In order to act efficiently during the mission, the Ground Team must be prepared in advance of the flight and able to operate special tools for tracking the mission's progress, anticipating problems and taking decisions in realtime.

This document sets out the approach for conducting such a preparation for Ground Operation. It will be focused on the Altaïr mission performed in July 1993 onboard the Russian Mir space station.     

Remote assistance experiment during the manned space flight Altair

This remote assistance trial, performed within the framework of the manned space flight Altaïr, was carried out by CADMOS (CNES), with the cooperation of the Sub-directorate of CNES Operational Systems, Medes, LBM of Tours and Christol Consultants. It consisted of supplying the cosmonaut performing the Orthostatism experiment (echograph acquisition) on board the Mir station with realtime assistance by an expert (LBM of Tours) working from the ground on the CADMOS premises. The various steps of the approach followed during the preparation phase are described, as well as the technical means of communication used between the Mir station and CADMOS.     

雷达的韧性、适应性和容量,以及反馈控制的重要性

雷达的作用是向其他系统提供信息,这是不会改变的.现在雷达采用了各种技术,这使雷达比以往任何时候都更经常地采用反馈控制方法来获得韧性、适应性和容量.使雷达对已取得的数据起反应,使反馈控制技术的全部效益发挥出来,只有这样才能设计出更为有价值的雷达来.     

固体火箭发动机的加速度效应

本文研究旋转固体火箭发动机在加速度载菏下的性能变化。根据至今己提出的4种重要模式:力学模式、热力学模式、应力模式、气动力学模式,得出了每种模式的简化模型,并附加了一个内弹道计算机程序。分析结果表明,应力模式对圆孔药柱并不重要。其它模式对固体发动机性能都有影响。分析结果与发动机数据比较表明,侵蚀燃烧效应是旋转速度的函数。     

Loading effects on rat craniomandibular morphology: a system for gravity studies

Gravity effects on muscle and bone are a major impediment to long-term space travel. We introduce a model for studying these effects, the craniomandibular system. Some advantages of this system include: (1) craniomandibular morphology is determined by epigenetic factors including gravity, (2) relatively light forces can significantly alter its morphology, and (3) soft diet and tooth loss produce effects that are similar to those produced in lower limbs by weightlessness. In the study, implants made either of gold (experimental group) or lightweight acrylic (controls) were attached to adult rats' mandibles. After 13 weeks, the animals' skulls and mandibles were dissected. Pair-wise comparisons indicated that the experimental animals showed significantly shortened and narrowed cranial bases, and significant changes in the posterior zygomatic arch region. These results indicate that simulated macrogravity influences bone remodeling in the adult craniomandibular system.     

改善推进剂老化和低温物理性质的键合剂系统

新的混合键合剂系统用于端羟基聚丁二烯推进剂配方时,推进剂的高温老化特性和低温物理性质都有很大改善。混合键合剂系统由 MT_4[2.0克分子三-1-(2-甲基氮丙啶)膦化氧、0.7克分子已二酸和0.3克分子酒石酸的反应产物]、HX752[双-间苯二酰-1-(2-甲基)氨丙啶]和 BIDE(丁基亚胺二乙醇)组成,其重量百分含量分别占推进剂组成的0.10～0.20%、0.10～0.20%和0.02～0.05%。