高压气体临界流速文氏喷嘴的初步校准

本文报告了一组5个临界流速文氏喷咀的性能鉴定试验。这些喷咀是在国家工程试验室(NEL—Natianal Engineering La-boratory)称重式气体流量标准试验台上进行的校准试验。文中也对这座难一的试验台作了说明。把试验确定的喷咀流量系数与其它试验室对此基本参考标准试验的类似喷咀流量系数作了比较,也与理论值进行了比     

火箭发动机纤维增强金属壳体的结构分析

本文提出了应用有限元法和光弹技术进行火箭发动机纤维增强金属壳体结构应力分析的方法。这些方法使得能够对初始缠绕工艺过程、惯性力和点火以后的升压过程等进行受力分析。为了分析外缠纤维和飞行载荷的复杂效应,引入了某些简化和假设。对于一些典型发动机,给出了两种方法的结果比较。     

振荡式小型氢脉泽的特性

本文对CHYMNS-Ⅰ型和CHYMNS-Ⅱ振荡式小型氢脉泽和它们的稳定度性能作了说明。两种脉泽的工作原理完全相同,但体积和重量相差很大。它们可以采用小型化腔体结构。由稳定性数据能够判断,当脉泽体积减小时,性能有所下降。CHYMNS-Ⅰ型的腔体尺寸是15厘米(外径)×15厘米(长),τ=100秒时,测出的根值阿仑方差σ_y(τ)=6.6×10~(-14)。CHYMNS-Ⅱ型的体积较小,相应的数据是11厘米(外径)×15厘米(长),τ=100秒时,σ_y(τ)=1.3×10~(-13)。从使用观点看,优先考虑的是它的长期稳定性。两个小型脉泽直接比对测出的数据是:τ=10~5秒时,σ_y(τ)=4×10~(-15)。这一测试结果说明,用电子的方法稳定腔体,对克服环境扰动的影响是卓有成效的,从而保证脉泽的频率输出长期稳定。     

甚长基线干涉仪时钟同步技术

一、前言甚长基线干涉仪(VLBI)作几分钟时间的观测,可以使相距很远的原子钟同步到几个毫微秒(ns)以内。作几个小时的观测,则可同步到1~ns。Easton等人最近已评述过远地时钟利用卫星作精确同步的技术。我们希望同时要重视地面被动无线电技术——甚长基线干涉仪——至少能达到相同的精度。     

GPS在武器试验与鉴定中的应用

８０年代初以来，ＧＰＳ就在武器试验与鉴定中担当了重要角。进入９０进代，ＧＰＳ在试验与鉴定靶场中的应用更为广泛。其原因是，与其它靶场跟踪技术相比，ＧＰＳ有许多优点。     

INVESTIGATION ON CONTROL OF CHAOS

ＩＮＶＥＳＴＩＧＡＴＩＯＮＯＮＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＯＦＣＨＡＯＳＹｕＪｉａｎｚｕ（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＦｌｉｇｈｔＶｅｈｉｃｌｅＤｅｓｉｇｎａｎｄＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＡｅｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃｓａｎｄＡｓｔｒｏｎａｕ...     

热流校准的不确定度——美国热流计的校准

AEDC(Arnold Engineering Derelopment Center)负责对热流传感器进行校准。本文介绍有关该校准不确定度的研究工作和研究结果。校准总的不确定度是综合AEDC和NBS(美国国家标准局)各自作的几组校准数据求得的。第一组数据是按块式卡计标准校准六个热流传感器得到的,块式卡计和六个热流传感器都是AEDC制造的。校验中采用九支(1kW/支)石英灯组成辐射热源。由这些校准数据计算六个传感器中每个传感器的精度。此六个传感器送到NBS Fire研究中心(华盛顿)进行标准复校。第二组校准数据取自这些复校试验。因此,可以说是按NBS热流标准进行了标准传递。NBS也采用辐射热源,也用AEDC类似的步骤进行校准。比较AEDC和NBS各自获得的数据,确定每一传感器的偏差值。综合此偏差和精度两个数据,计算每个传感器的总不确定度。六个传感器算出的平均不确定度是±3％。     

New methods for microbial contamination monitoring: an experiment on board the MIR orbital station

Experiment T2, carried out during the Euromir'95 mission, was an important step toward innovative methods for spacecraft microbial contamination monitoring. A new standard sampling technique permitted samples to be analysed by different means. On board, two analysis methods were tested in parallel: Bioluminescence and Miniculture. In turn, downloaded samples are being analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a powerful and promising method for the rapid detection, identification and quantification of pathogens and biofouling agents in closed manned habitats.     

Separation of bacterial cells by free flow electrophoresis under microgravity: a result of the SpaceLab-Japan project on Space Shuttle flight STS-47

We demonstrated free flow electrophoresis (FFE) of charged cells under microgravity, where gravitational effects are almost eliminated. Separation of a mixture of three bacterial strains (mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2) by FFE was conducted on NASA Space Shuttle flight STS-47 (September 1992). The experiment was designed to differentiate three strains having different lipopolysaccharide core structures in the cell membrane. The results were compared to those of ground experiments, in order to examine whether or not FFE in a weightless environment provides distinct advantages. Smooth strain SL1027 and rough strain SL3749 migrated to two separated fractions. The quality (viability) and the yields of the separated samples were sufficient to show the advantage of microgravity. Another rough strain, SL1102, exhibited unexpected electrophoretic behavior, which prevented the complete resolution of the three strains. All the strains were recovered as viable cells after 8 days of flight. The present study suggests that electrophoretic separation of bacterial cells is much more effective under microgravity conditions with relatively good resolution in comparison with the ground operation.